Contents


**Preface XI**


#### Chapter 3 **Thymic Rejuvenation: Are We There Yet? 41** Jamilah Abusarah, Fatemeh Khodayarian, Yun Cui, Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry and Moutih Rafei


#### Chapter 8 **Cognitive Aging 143** Neyda Ma Mendoza-Ruvalcaba, Elva Dolores Arias-Merino, María Elena Flores-Villavicencio, Melina Rodríguez-Díaz and Irma Fabiola Díaz-García

Preface

Aging is commonly defined as the accumulation of diverse deleterious changes occurring in cells and tissues with advancing age that are responsible for the increased risk of disease and death. The immediate consequence of the extended life expectancy is represented by the in‐ creasing number of older people in developed countries. Between 2015 and 2050, worldwide population is expected to increase from 900 million to 2 billion people over the age of 60 years. Older adults may experience reduced mobility, chronic pain, frailty, dementia, or other health problems or experience events such as bereavement or a drop in socioeconomic sta‐ tus with retirement. All of these factors can result in isolation, loneliness, or psychological

Several steps forward on the understanding of the aging process have been done, but fur‐ ther studies are still needed. In particular, it is important to clarify at what extent and at what price the aging process can be limited or reversed. The biogerontologists have empha‐ sized that the goal of research on aging is not to increase human longevity regardless of the consequences but to increase active longevity free from disability and functional depend‐

This book is an up-to-date and realistic view on physiopathological mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases. The book includes topical contributions from multiple disciplines

**Grazia D'Onofrio, Daniele Sancarlo and Antonio Greco**

Complex Unit of Geriatrics Department of Medical Sciences IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza

San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy

to support the fundamental goals of extending active life and enhancing its quality.

distress for which they may require long-term care increasing the social costs.

ence. Then, aging well and actively is the real objective of human being.


Sevinci Pop, Eleonora Codorean, Cristina Mariana Niculite, Laura Necula, Isabela Tarcomnicu, Elvira Gille and Cristiana Pistol Tanase
