**Meet the editors**

Dr. Grazia D'Onofrio is a psychologist and researcher in the Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences of the Scientific Institute for Research and Clinical Care (IRCCS) "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy, from 2007. In 2009, she was awarded the title of Expert in Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. She is an author of several scientific

articles, reviews published on international journals, chapters in books, and numerous abstracts presented in medical congresses. Currently, she is editorial board member for some international journals and a guest editor for Special Issues about Alzheimer's Disease. She is currently participating in European and Japan-European projects (Horizon 2020) on development of technological systems to promote healthy and active aging. Her activities mostly deal with dementia, psychological and behavioral symptoms, and multidimensional impairment.

Dr. Antonio Greco is a geriatrician and specialist in Internal Medicine; the head of the Complex Unit of Geriatrics Department of Medical Sciences of the Scientific Institute for Research and Clinical Care (IRCCS) "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; and working in this organization from 1991. He is in the steering committee of the Ni-San (Italian network for the

sharing of health cost standard) and participated in the emergency interest group of EUGMS. His major fields of interest mostly concern geriatrics, Ambient Assisted Living, cardiology, and evaluation of health costs. Currently, he is participating in European and Japan-European projects (Horizon 2020) on development of technological systems to promote healthy and active aging. In the last years, he has participated in several research projects funded by national and international programs.

Dr. Daniele Sancarlo is a geriatrician, bioinformatician and researcher of the Complex Unit of Geriatrics Department of Medical Sciences on the Scientific Institute for Research and Clinical Care (IRCCS) "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy, from 2008. He is an author of several scientific articles published prevalently on international journals. In the last years, he

was involved in several research projects. He is currently participating in European and Japan-European projects (Horizon 2020) on development of technological systems to promote healthy and active aging. His activities mostly concern Ambient Assisted Living, multidimensional impairment, mortality prognostic model, and dementia.

Contents

**Preface VII**

**Spending 25**

Elísio Costa

Chapter 1 **Ageing Process and Physiological Changes 3**

Chapter 3 **Thymic Rejuvenation: Are We There Yet? 41**

Chapter 4 **Characteristics of Hearing in Elderly People 63**

Chapter 5 **The Elderly in the Emergency Department 85**

El-Kadiry and Moutih Rafei

Alexander Morales Erazo

Chapter 6 **Ageing Better in the Netherlands 101**

**Section 2 Biogerontology and Quality of Life 113**

Mark Rinnerthaler and Klaus Richter

Chapter 7 **The Basics of Biogerontology 115**

Shilpa Amarya, Kalyani Singh and Manisha Sabharwal

Chapter 2 **Adherence to Medication in Older Adults as a Way to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Healthcare System**

Luís Midão, Anna Giardini, Enrica Menditto, Przemyslaw Kardas and

Jamilah Abusarah, Fatemeh Khodayarian, Yun Cui, Abed El-Hakim

Maria Boboshko, Ekaterina Zhilinskaya and Natalia Maltseva

Betty Meyboom-de Jong, Klaske Wynia and Anjo Geluk-Bleumink

**Section 1 Aging Process 1**
