**Acknowledgements**

unchanged. From the specific surface areas reported in Section 4.1, the SP dosage of Mix 2 in terms of liquid mass per surface area of cementitious materials was evaluated to be 57 × 10−6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>

trial mixes, labelled as Mix 2a and Mix 2b, were conducted with the respective SP dosage set at

4% and 5% by mass of cementitious materials, respectively). The slump and flow results of Mix 2a were 255 and 725 mm, respectively, while the slump and flow results of Mix 2b were 240 and 770 mm, respectively. No sign of segregation was observed. It should be noted that when determining the SP dosage of SCC mixes containing materials of high fineness such as MS, the SP dosage should better be set based on the specific surface area of cementitious materials, so as to more effectively utilised the SP. In any case, the above additional investigation indicated possibility of further increasing the flowability at constant W/CM ratio, or conversely, possibility of further reducing the W/CM ratio for achieving even higher strength while maintaining the flowability. Therefore, it should be viable to develop HS-SCC beyond grade C90 by rationalising the SP usage

With the aim to develop sustainable high-strength self-consolidating concrete (HS-SCC) mixes, the authors have conducted research on improving the sustainable performance and mechanical strength of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixes. Reduction in embodied energy and carbon emission of SCC mixes has been achieved by reducing the cement consumption with the incorporation of fly ash (FA), shale ash (SA) and microsilica (MS) as supplementary binder materials. High compressive strength of SCC mixes has been achieved

and further mix optimisation, and research along this direction is recommended.

area of cementitious materials (approximately correspond to

76 × 10−6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>

**6. Conclusions**

and 96 × 10−6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>

**Figure 5.** Plot of embodied carbon versus 28-day compressive strength.

126 Sustainable Buildings - Interaction Between a Holistic Conceptual Act and Materials Properties

. Two

The financial support from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions of the European Commission (Project no. 751461) is gratefully acknowledged.
