Preface

**Section 4 Sustainability in Building Materials Proprieties "Study**

Chapter 6 **Development of Sustainable High-Strength Self-Consolidating Concrete Utilising Fly Ash, Shale Ash and Microsilica 113** Pui-Lam Ng, Žymantas Rudžionis, Ivan Yu-Ting Ng and Albert Kwok-

Chapter 7 **Research on Strength, Alkali-Silica Reaction and Abrasion**

Chapter 8 **Development of Clay Plasters Containing Thermoregulating**

**Microcapsules for Indoor Walls 151**

F. Rodríguez and Manuel Carmona

**Resistance of Concrete with Cathode Ray Tube Glass Sand 131**

Ismael Sevilla, Francisco J. Castilla, David Sanz, José L. Serrano, Juan

**Cases" 111**

**VI** Contents

Hung Kwan

Salih Taner Yildirim

No society can exist without a healthy, natural base; hence, environmental awareness and efficiency are crucial. However, the ultimate goal of sustainability is not just healthy ecosys‐ tems but healthy community. In our age, a building is not complete and is certainly not a good building if it is not reasonably sustainable. So the goal of sustainability has far-reach‐ ing effects on architecture. The first step to create a sustainable building in collaboration with the employment of a sustainable building material is to deal with the one and other, with local building built of suitable building materials, by creating shelters and living space in different climates and regions, in the desert, on seashores, in the mountains, on the plains and on hillsides, and in the natural jungles and those of the megacities, where people of different ages and cultures understand the world differently. In our age, the environmental imperative is recognized by and unites all cultures. Though it is not easy to define, sustaina‐ bility in building a domain, as understood today, always has three basic dimensions: ecolog‐ ical-bioclimatic, economic, and social. Sustainable building means sound and environmentally friendly construction combined into a whole for resistance, the environ‐ ment, and health. Sustainable building requires perspectives from several different direc‐ tions and to think in systems solutions. In particular, the environmental work is not seen as separate activities from other operations. Key areas to consider are sound, light, and aesthet‐ ics as a sustainable building is expected to be at least 100 years. Energy is another important area to consider, to reduce carbon emissions. Choice of construction materials and practices is important, among other things, to avoid creating a sick building and thereby protect the individual and avoid occupational health. A sustainable building context embodies not only that of nature but also of us. Our present technologies, artificial environs, are counter to na‐ ture. Our encumbering impact upon and mutilation and defilement of nature's ecosystems have been an affair of unconstrained and rapid attrition. The exponential demand for ener‐ gy, the rate of technological obsolescence, pyramiding waste, lavish expectation, the rate of social change, new paradigms of energy-intensive industry and business, invasion of com‐ puters, and adroit marketing leave their critical impact upon our society. As the structure of society changes, so does architecture. Consequently, architecture has to serve the daily life and the needs of society, through the architectural functional spaces, in which it must cover all the needs of lodger starting by functioning through the material to the spiritual need sat‐ isfaction, suitable to the real way of life. The art of building environmental engineering is providing a balanced quality of environment at minimum total costs and with the minimum use of fossil fuels for providing energy. To achieve a positive environment, it is necessary to understand what environment is, how it affects people, how properties interact, and then how the ideals may be obtained in practice on an economic basis. Human quality refers to a broad perspective on human health and quality of life. It is also called social quality. This aspect ensures that you consider health, comfort, and a good indoor climate in the building.

Like security, security and the widest possible accessibility for all. The sustainable building must be capable of constant adjustment. Dependent as the building is on utilizing climate, it must also accommodate the climate's capriciousness. Like all buildings, it must meet the fluctuating demands of its occupants and, to a greater or lesser extent, the needs of the fu‐ ture. The sustainable building must be sustainable in the following respects:

• Sustainable buildings should be environmentally friendly to conserve the Earth's re‐ sources and healthy in order to contribute to the good health of the users.

efficiency is the most important subject of the economy and environment factor of sustainabili‐

Part IV "Sustainability in Building Materials Proprieties: Study Cases" contains three chap‐ ters; the first "Development of Sustainable High-Strength Self-Consolidating Concrete with Fly Ash, Shale Ash, and Micro-silica" discusses the development of a special building mate‐ rial such as concrete that can ensue by combination of concrete proprieties by adding fly ash, shale ash, and microsilica in building materials. The second "Research on Strength, Al‐ kali-Silica Reaction, and Abrasion Resistance of Concrete with Cathode Ray Tube Glass Sand" explains the importance of understanding that in the process of creating sustainable building materials, it can be useful and objective to use different building systems and ma‐ terials, which require being durable and mechanical. Concrete is one of the most utilized building materials enhancement of this product, where the use of CRTS can improve suc‐ cessfully the specific properties of concrete according to the fraction of glass aggregate; a special adding of chemical substances in concrete can give better results in terms of mechan‐ ical properties and other proprieties. The third chapter "Thermoregulation Microcapsules for Indoor Walls" discusses thermal properties that represent an important characteristic in the selecting process of a sustainable material, where energy efficiency, by using software, is a fundamental tool for designing buildings with almost zero energy consumption and is the

This book is a scientific product that can be useful for architects, engineers, and specialists in building branch and for all who had an interest in sustainable building, where sustainability in building conception and selection of sustainable building materials will be energetic ele‐ ments of this research book. Finally, we would like to express our sincere sense of apprecia‐ tion and thankfulness to all the authors for their valuable contributions. Finally, we are very grateful to Mr. Edi Lipović Author Service Manager, for his positive managing and coordi‐

**Amjad Almusaed**

Iraq and Denmark **Asaad Almssad** Karlstad University

Sweden

Preface IX

Basra University, Archcrea Institute

nation to convert the proposed book project into this objective book with such care.

ty, where thermal comfort, energy consumption, and indoor air temperature control.

main target of sustainable building.


The book reports on guidelines dealing with the most suitable actions for sustainable building concept in building branches, according to a novel alignment. The attention is concentrated on the interface among building creation concept and sustainable systems required, selecting competent building materials that have to be considered judiciously, to find the most suitable answers for healthy building with reducing the level of using energy to be efficient.

The book intended to be produced according to the chapter's orientation and include besides book requirement. The book is divided into four sections and eight chapters as follows:

Part I "Introduction into Target Theme" includes a chapter with the title "Introductory Chapter: Overview of a Competent Sustainable Building." It makes an overview of the meaning and the target of sustainable building and sustainable building material.

In Part II "Sustainable Building Design, Process, and Management," many forms and the concept of sustainable building are discussed. The section is divided into three chapters; the first is "A Holistic Conceptual Scheme for Sustainable Building Design in the Context of En‐ vironmental, Economic, and Social Dimensions" where the concept of holistic upon a sus‐ tainable building design represents an essential tool toward optimization of the design process, which appears as an objective reply to the negative effect of the environment. The second chapter is "Risk Management in Construction." This chapter discusses the idea where a real and objective process in the sustainable building process requires a well-struc‐ tured resources management, where the process of construction in building science takes not only a long time to realize a product, but also it has to be coordinated on the site; conse‐ quently, it requires different schedules, programs, and temporary solutions for each project. The third chapter is with the title of "Optimization of Design for the Voids of Building Fa‐ cades in View of Wind Condition" where building design and optimization of building de‐ sign are important tools of sustainable building concept, where the bioclimatic design concepts and climatic elements such as air and ventilation systems can be employed opti‐ mally in building design, courtyard, and gap area rates, and energy efficiency has to take in evidence in the design process.

Part III "Energy Efficiency upon Sustainable Building Design" includes one chapter "Ad‐ vanced Control Strategies with Simulations for a Typical District Heating System to Ap‐ proaching Energy Efficiency Buildings." The chapter discusses the idea where building design process in the last years takes a new orientation to build more economic buildings. Energy efficiency is the most important subject of the economy and environment factor of sustainabili‐ ty, where thermal comfort, energy consumption, and indoor air temperature control.

Like security, security and the widest possible accessibility for all. The sustainable building must be capable of constant adjustment. Dependent as the building is on utilizing climate, it must also accommodate the climate's capriciousness. Like all buildings, it must meet the fluctuating demands of its occupants and, to a greater or lesser extent, the needs of the fu‐

• Sustainable buildings should be environmentally friendly to conserve the Earth's re‐

• Sustainable buildings must be aesthetically pleasing and functional for creating job

• Sustainable buildings and the materials shall be resistant to keep for at least 100

• A sustainable building should strive for such a low life-cycle cost as possible in or‐

The book reports on guidelines dealing with the most suitable actions for sustainable building concept in building branches, according to a novel alignment. The attention is concentrated on the interface among building creation concept and sustainable systems required, selecting competent building materials that have to be considered judiciously, to find the most suitable

The book intended to be produced according to the chapter's orientation and include besides

Part I "Introduction into Target Theme" includes a chapter with the title "Introductory Chapter: Overview of a Competent Sustainable Building." It makes an overview of the

In Part II "Sustainable Building Design, Process, and Management," many forms and the concept of sustainable building are discussed. The section is divided into three chapters; the first is "A Holistic Conceptual Scheme for Sustainable Building Design in the Context of En‐ vironmental, Economic, and Social Dimensions" where the concept of holistic upon a sus‐ tainable building design represents an essential tool toward optimization of the design process, which appears as an objective reply to the negative effect of the environment. The second chapter is "Risk Management in Construction." This chapter discusses the idea where a real and objective process in the sustainable building process requires a well-struc‐ tured resources management, where the process of construction in building science takes not only a long time to realize a product, but also it has to be coordinated on the site; conse‐ quently, it requires different schedules, programs, and temporary solutions for each project. The third chapter is with the title of "Optimization of Design for the Voids of Building Fa‐ cades in View of Wind Condition" where building design and optimization of building de‐ sign are important tools of sustainable building concept, where the bioclimatic design concepts and climatic elements such as air and ventilation systems can be employed opti‐ mally in building design, courtyard, and gap area rates, and energy efficiency has to take in

Part III "Energy Efficiency upon Sustainable Building Design" includes one chapter "Ad‐ vanced Control Strategies with Simulations for a Typical District Heating System to Ap‐ proaching Energy Efficiency Buildings." The chapter discusses the idea where building design process in the last years takes a new orientation to build more economic buildings. Energy

answers for healthy building with reducing the level of using energy to be efficient.

book requirement. The book is divided into four sections and eight chapters as follows:

meaning and the target of sustainable building and sustainable building material.

sources and healthy in order to contribute to the good health of the users.

ture. The sustainable building must be sustainable in the following respects:

satisfaction for the users and the environment.

der to promote a sound economy for all parties.

years.

VIII Preface

evidence in the design process.

Part IV "Sustainability in Building Materials Proprieties: Study Cases" contains three chap‐ ters; the first "Development of Sustainable High-Strength Self-Consolidating Concrete with Fly Ash, Shale Ash, and Micro-silica" discusses the development of a special building mate‐ rial such as concrete that can ensue by combination of concrete proprieties by adding fly ash, shale ash, and microsilica in building materials. The second "Research on Strength, Al‐ kali-Silica Reaction, and Abrasion Resistance of Concrete with Cathode Ray Tube Glass Sand" explains the importance of understanding that in the process of creating sustainable building materials, it can be useful and objective to use different building systems and ma‐ terials, which require being durable and mechanical. Concrete is one of the most utilized building materials enhancement of this product, where the use of CRTS can improve suc‐ cessfully the specific properties of concrete according to the fraction of glass aggregate; a special adding of chemical substances in concrete can give better results in terms of mechan‐ ical properties and other proprieties. The third chapter "Thermoregulation Microcapsules for Indoor Walls" discusses thermal properties that represent an important characteristic in the selecting process of a sustainable material, where energy efficiency, by using software, is a fundamental tool for designing buildings with almost zero energy consumption and is the main target of sustainable building.

This book is a scientific product that can be useful for architects, engineers, and specialists in building branch and for all who had an interest in sustainable building, where sustainability in building conception and selection of sustainable building materials will be energetic ele‐ ments of this research book. Finally, we would like to express our sincere sense of apprecia‐ tion and thankfulness to all the authors for their valuable contributions. Finally, we are very grateful to Mr. Edi Lipović Author Service Manager, for his positive managing and coordi‐ nation to convert the proposed book project into this objective book with such care.

> **Amjad Almusaed** Basra University, Archcrea Institute Iraq and Denmark

> > **Asaad Almssad** Karlstad University Sweden

**Section 1**

**Introduction to the Target Theme**

**Introduction to the Target Theme**

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Introductory Chapter: Overview of a Competent**

**Introductory Chapter: Overview of a Competent** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.77176

Between the human being and the protective building space, always a relationship with a reciprocal character a permanent arrangement, where the human being interest is to create the necessary poise to his different well-unfolded activities, under that cover as space. The building is a major element of human life. It is a major concern, a major purchase, and has a major effect upon our lives [1]. We spend over 90% of our time indoors. Today, the technological archetypes of the modern buildings are formed of a mixture of many components such as materials, energy, and construction configuration systems, which influence directly on human life and health. In marketing vision, architectural product being creations of the human work, a time-consuming good, as any other manufacture, it has not only to be produced but also to get the user's disposal [2]. Although in sustainable design, the building becomes the system, subsystem should be examined. The climate has a solid impact on the conceptions of habitat forms and configuration of internal space [3]. While the holistic integration of systems is critical to sustainable building, every system within the system has its climatic advantage or disadvantage. The human being entered the third millennium without the hope of achieving permanent peace on our beautiful earth, sustainable development, and equality for all, where the earth is our sustainer, the chain of ecological survival. In the future, sustainable considerations will be a regular part of our basic beliefs and knowledge. Both of our norms and behavior as the physical environment must be automatically based on an environmentally balanced mind-set, not alone but along with many other considerations. Within planning, means that the green will be taken far to be more seriously that reuse of our cities will gain even more importance that green areas will be actively involved and that traffic patterns will be turned upside down. Reliability is the key to our human continuum and our prime resource for building. Earth sheltering, earth handling, and earth escaping are more clearly pronounced

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Sustainable Building**

**Sustainable Building**

Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77176

**1. Introduction**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Amjad Almusaed and Asaad AlmssadAdditional information is available at the end of the chapter

#### **Introductory Chapter: Overview of a Competent Sustainable Building Introductory Chapter: Overview of a Competent Sustainable Building**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.77176

Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Amjad Almusaed and Asaad AlmssadAdditional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77176

## **1. Introduction**

Between the human being and the protective building space, always a relationship with a reciprocal character a permanent arrangement, where the human being interest is to create the necessary poise to his different well-unfolded activities, under that cover as space. The building is a major element of human life. It is a major concern, a major purchase, and has a major effect upon our lives [1]. We spend over 90% of our time indoors. Today, the technological archetypes of the modern buildings are formed of a mixture of many components such as materials, energy, and construction configuration systems, which influence directly on human life and health. In marketing vision, architectural product being creations of the human work, a time-consuming good, as any other manufacture, it has not only to be produced but also to get the user's disposal [2]. Although in sustainable design, the building becomes the system, subsystem should be examined. The climate has a solid impact on the conceptions of habitat forms and configuration of internal space [3]. While the holistic integration of systems is critical to sustainable building, every system within the system has its climatic advantage or disadvantage. The human being entered the third millennium without the hope of achieving permanent peace on our beautiful earth, sustainable development, and equality for all, where the earth is our sustainer, the chain of ecological survival. In the future, sustainable considerations will be a regular part of our basic beliefs and knowledge. Both of our norms and behavior as the physical environment must be automatically based on an environmentally balanced mind-set, not alone but along with many other considerations. Within planning, means that the green will be taken far to be more seriously that reuse of our cities will gain even more importance that green areas will be actively involved and that traffic patterns will be turned upside down. Reliability is the key to our human continuum and our prime resource for building. Earth sheltering, earth handling, and earth escaping are more clearly pronounced

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

There has been a tendency for sustainability in construction to be perceived and introduced as single measures that can make the building sustainable. However, sustainable construction implies that planning and decision-making are based on an overall perspective, which cannot be ensured by individual measures. Low-energy buildings, environmentally friendly construction, green construction, and sustainable construction—are these all the same concepts? The answer is no—although they all aim to reduce energy consumption and to some extent limit environmental impact, sustainability differs significantly from the others [6]. The basic quality requirements for buildings will be expanded to include low resource consumption, recycling building materials, etc. In the sustainable building, planning and decision-making must be based on an overall perspective, which aims not only at low energy consumption, a good economy, or a good indoor climate. Instead, it should be said that the construction as a whole is sustainable and contributes to solving the environmental and societal challenges that

Introductory Chapter: Overview of a Competent Sustainable Building

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77176

5

• Minimizing local, regional, and global environmental impacts as well as consumption of

• The building's resource utilization is optimized to minimize the formation of building

Sustainability is an overall vision of creating quality in all parts of the building and creating a whole, both in the building itself, where an appropriate balance must be ensured between environmental, social, and economic considerations, but also with the context in which the building is part of the city and society. In the face of sustainable solutions, there are many examples of choices and solutions that can immediately be sustainable, but which, in the clearest sense, cannot be regarded as sustainable. In another view, troglodyte architecturally sculpted out of the hillside landscapes of Morocco, the igloo of the Eskimos, Arabian courtyard houses, the Malaysian tree dwelling and even the Scandinavian thatched cottage. All these have features that aim at orientates, to shape buildings and to construct them from materials so that the protected space can sustain the hot or cold rigorous of the regional climate. The value of vernacular architectural spaces was not generally recognized until Violet le Due wrote his book [2]. Environmental quality for a building can be achieved by reducing the discharge of problematic problems associated with construction and optimizing resource utilization. There must be a focus on this in all building life cycle phases. Under the environmental quality, the focus is on designing a building that includes both low resource consumption and the choice of environmentally sound materials. Sustainable buildings avoid as far as possible the use of problematic environments that can harm both the environment and health [7]. The land area used for construction is also considered an important resource that should be used with care and as efficiently as possible. Here, the focus should be on whether the environment's environment can be improved, biodiversity maintained or increased and how the water development is best organized. The environmental aspect of sustainability has traditionally been added to the highest value. In addition, in many cases, both builders and advisers have been equated with low-energy buildings and environmentally friendly construction. The vision of the sustainable building is a form of space that is adapted to the

materials and optimize recycling and recycling in all phases of the construction.

• Efficient land use and conservation or improvement of the area's biodiversity.

energy, resources, and water throughout the life cycle of the building.

we face. Environmental quality in the building comprises:

in the vocabulary of architectural planning and design. Trees for shade and windbreak can bear a consideration in architecture and landscaping. But general landscaping is regarded apart from the architecture, whereas in intelligent bioclimatic design, it is most effectual as an integral part of the architecture and interresponsive with its inland farming and landscaping. The building experience managed to isolate the building from the unfavorable climatic conditions, determining an inside microclimate able to provide for physical comfort. At lower latitudes, the climate moderates and summer heat, as well as rain, becomes significant. Windows are designed to admit the winter sunshine while excluding it in the summer. Insulation is used to minimize heat loss, and ventilation helps to counteract heat gain. Sustainability is an overall vision of creating quality in all parts of the building by making a whole positive in building manipulation, where an appropriate balance must be ensured between the environmental, social, and economic considerations, but also with the context in which the building is part—the city and society. In other words, the overall construction industry faces a significant transformation. A change that really matters to the development community, that keeping in mind that ecology means the doctrine of keeping communities, so take care of things. Sustainability is not mysterious, but requires common sense, consideration, and action. It became clear to understand that sustainable building is a designation of the edifice that meets UN criteria for sustainability [4]. A sustainable city is organized so as to enable all its citizens to meet their own needs and to enhance their well-being without damaging the natural world or endangering the living conditions of other people, now or in the future [5]. The concept of "sustainable building" comes from the concept of "sustainable development." It was coined in the Brundtland Commission's report after the first green conference in the UN's Director had taken place in Stockholm 1972. The main task, of sustainability in building design, is to a great extent reduce the energy consumption of other buildings and other environmental loads, which has also been the cause of the authorities since the oil crisis in 1973. Since the oil crisis, there are still tightening rules for building energy consumption through the building regulations; but new rules in building regulations only apply to the new construction, which is limited in number to the total building stock. Therefore, in the case of renovations and extensions to existing buildings, it is up to the homeowner to take into account the environment. Sustainability in building sector means that account should be taken of the construction on the environment, both in the long term and in the short term. In addition, through all phases of a construction process, from the production of building materials until it returns as waste. But also the environmental burden that settlement means in the form of property, where building sustainable is to build for the future. In this concept, it is necessary to meet our generation's needs without destroying the ability of future generations to meet their own necessities. That is, a building is sustainable in both environmental, economic, and social terms. In other words, it means that a building is responsible for the environment as little as possible, that the building's overall economy from construction to demolition is as good as possible and that construction is as good as possible for people to live. In pursuit of sustainable solutions, there are many examples of choices and solutions that can immediately be sustainable, but which cannot be considered sustainable in the full perspective. For example, a unilateral focus on energy savings without regard to the indoor climate can result in imbalances between environmental and social quality, thus resulting in a nonsustainable solution. Another example is an unqualified requirement to use locally produced materials to minimize transport without looking at the energy used for the production of the materials. There has been a tendency for sustainability in construction to be perceived and introduced as single measures that can make the building sustainable. However, sustainable construction implies that planning and decision-making are based on an overall perspective, which cannot be ensured by individual measures. Low-energy buildings, environmentally friendly construction, green construction, and sustainable construction—are these all the same concepts? The answer is no—although they all aim to reduce energy consumption and to some extent limit environmental impact, sustainability differs significantly from the others [6]. The basic quality requirements for buildings will be expanded to include low resource consumption, recycling building materials, etc. In the sustainable building, planning and decision-making must be based on an overall perspective, which aims not only at low energy consumption, a good economy, or a good indoor climate. Instead, it should be said that the construction as a whole is sustainable and contributes to solving the environmental and societal challenges that we face. Environmental quality in the building comprises:

in the vocabulary of architectural planning and design. Trees for shade and windbreak can bear a consideration in architecture and landscaping. But general landscaping is regarded apart from the architecture, whereas in intelligent bioclimatic design, it is most effectual as an integral part of the architecture and interresponsive with its inland farming and landscaping. The building experience managed to isolate the building from the unfavorable climatic conditions, determining an inside microclimate able to provide for physical comfort. At lower latitudes, the climate moderates and summer heat, as well as rain, becomes significant. Windows are designed to admit the winter sunshine while excluding it in the summer. Insulation is used to minimize heat loss, and ventilation helps to counteract heat gain. Sustainability is an overall vision of creating quality in all parts of the building by making a whole positive in building manipulation, where an appropriate balance must be ensured between the environmental, social, and economic considerations, but also with the context in which the building is part—the city and society. In other words, the overall construction industry faces a significant transformation. A change that really matters to the development community, that keeping in mind that ecology means the doctrine of keeping communities, so take care of things. Sustainability is not mysterious, but requires common sense, consideration, and action. It became clear to understand that sustainable building is a designation of the edifice that meets UN criteria for sustainability [4]. A sustainable city is organized so as to enable all its citizens to meet their own needs and to enhance their well-being without damaging the natural world or endangering the living conditions of other people, now or in the future [5]. The concept of "sustainable building" comes from the concept of "sustainable development." It was coined in the Brundtland Commission's report after the first green conference in the UN's Director had taken place in Stockholm 1972. The main task, of sustainability in building design, is to a great extent reduce the energy consumption of other buildings and other environmental loads, which has also been the cause of the authorities since the oil crisis in 1973. Since the oil crisis, there are still tightening rules for building energy consumption through the building regulations; but new rules in building regulations only apply to the new construction, which is limited in number to the total building stock. Therefore, in the case of renovations and extensions to existing buildings, it is up to the homeowner to take into account the environment. Sustainability in building sector means that account should be taken of the construction on the environment, both in the long term and in the short term. In addition, through all phases of a construction process, from the production of building materials until it returns as waste. But also the environmental burden that settlement means in the form of property, where building sustainable is to build for the future. In this concept, it is necessary to meet our generation's needs without destroying the ability of future generations to meet their own necessities. That is, a building is sustainable in both environmental, economic, and social terms. In other words, it means that a building is responsible for the environment as little as possible, that the building's overall economy from construction to demolition is as good as possible and that construction is as good as possible for people to live. In pursuit of sustainable solutions, there are many examples of choices and solutions that can immediately be sustainable, but which cannot be considered sustainable in the full perspective. For example, a unilateral focus on energy savings without regard to the indoor climate can result in imbalances between environmental and social quality, thus resulting in a nonsustainable solution. Another example is an unqualified requirement to use locally produced materials to minimize transport without looking at the energy used for the production of the materials.

4 Sustainable Buildings - Interaction Between a Holistic Conceptual Act and Materials Properties


Sustainability is an overall vision of creating quality in all parts of the building and creating a whole, both in the building itself, where an appropriate balance must be ensured between environmental, social, and economic considerations, but also with the context in which the building is part of the city and society. In the face of sustainable solutions, there are many examples of choices and solutions that can immediately be sustainable, but which, in the clearest sense, cannot be regarded as sustainable. In another view, troglodyte architecturally sculpted out of the hillside landscapes of Morocco, the igloo of the Eskimos, Arabian courtyard houses, the Malaysian tree dwelling and even the Scandinavian thatched cottage. All these have features that aim at orientates, to shape buildings and to construct them from materials so that the protected space can sustain the hot or cold rigorous of the regional climate. The value of vernacular architectural spaces was not generally recognized until Violet le Due wrote his book [2]. Environmental quality for a building can be achieved by reducing the discharge of problematic problems associated with construction and optimizing resource utilization. There must be a focus on this in all building life cycle phases. Under the environmental quality, the focus is on designing a building that includes both low resource consumption and the choice of environmentally sound materials. Sustainable buildings avoid as far as possible the use of problematic environments that can harm both the environment and health [7]. The land area used for construction is also considered an important resource that should be used with care and as efficiently as possible. Here, the focus should be on whether the environment's environment can be improved, biodiversity maintained or increased and how the water development is best organized. The environmental aspect of sustainability has traditionally been added to the highest value. In addition, in many cases, both builders and advisers have been equated with low-energy buildings and environmentally friendly construction. The vision of the sustainable building is a form of space that is adapted to the place. It is powered by local renewable resources, uses renewable resources for heating and lighting, produces only waste that can be recycled on site, has a good indoor climate, can be demolished and recycled or transformed into nature, creating a good lifestyle and giving goodwill to its residents. Energy consumption in the drive contributes to a beneficial part of the environmental impact of a building and it is, therefore, relevant to focus on this, but environmental sustainability is broader than that and focuses on environmental impacts, use of problematic resources, and the use of resources as a whole [8]. For example, a unilateral focus on making a building self-sufficient with energy could result in both the economic investment and the resource consumption and environmental impacts, overall, exceeding the benefits of energy savings and thus the overall result cannot be termed sustainable. This may be the case, for example, if a building is insulated with such insulation that the energy consumption for the production of the last amount of insulation does not earn a living through savings on the building's heat consumption.

• Think in a wide form

a mutual balance.

*2.2.1. Environmental aspect*

ing is well described in international standards.

**2.2. The concepts and aspects of sustainable building**

It takes in evidence using a holistic perspective and observes the building as a whole and as part of the larger context, it encompasses local, regional, and global consequences, not just the constructional. This means that the arrangement and planning of buildings and renovations must be considered broad and long term with a balance between the qualities. Carrying strain, where the rate must be in line with the entire value chain of the building, and sustainable solutions will benefit all players in shorter or longer terms. The following sections elaborate on the whole and life cycle, in addition, perspective, as well as the environmental, social, and economic quality of construction is being developed. Overall perspective—think wide. For example, a unilateral focus on energy savings without regard to the indoor climate can result in imbalances between environmental and social quality, thus resulting in a nonsustainable solution. Another example is the use of locally produced materials to minimize transport without looking at the energy used for the production of the materials. Sustainable building, building materials life cycle, after which participants have such knowledge of the societal interests and principles of sustainable construction that they can select materials and building processes in order to carry out energy-efficient and sustainable construction. Sustainability is often perceived as a loose and nonbinding term. The fact is, however, that sustainable build-

Introductory Chapter: Overview of a Competent Sustainable Building

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77176

7

The sustainable building concept is to protect and minimize withdrawals from resources and ecosystems, long-term resource efficiency, low operating costs, healthier indoor environment, and the preservation of social and cultural values. The concept is very ambitious and is based on a holistic approach throughout the life cycle of the building, from raw material recovery over the use phase, to demolition, disposal, and recycling. On a building level, the assessment of sustainability is based on three aspects: environmental aspects, social aspects, and economic aspects. The sustainable building consists of environmental, social, and economic dimensions. In the sustainable building, these three dimensions are seen as basic qualities, which must be balanced against a life cycle perspective and for the construction as a whole. The three qualities, which together characterize a sustainable construction, cover a number of different factors that must be included in the planning of sustainable construction. However, it is planned and decided on an overall perspective, which cannot be ensured by a single action. In the sustainable building, planning and decision-making must be based on an overall perspective, which aims not only at low energy consumption, a good economy, or a good indoor climate, for example. Instead, it should be noted that construction as a whole is sustainable and contributes to solving the environmental and social challenges. Sustainable building is defined on the basis of three aspects: environment, human, and economic. In the sustainable construction, there must be

The sun is the ultimate power source and it is made up of layers of hot gases. The sun's beneficence is most pervasive and obvious as a provider of warmth and light. Sun is the
