Acknowledgements

3.8. Abrasion resistance

4. Conclusions

are presented below:

CRTS.

are close to each other at 90 days.

effect against ASR, as expected.

the slump value.

was based on concrete paving blocks and window glass.

144 Sustainable Buildings - Interaction Between a Holistic Conceptual Act and Materials Properties

Figure 10 shows the results of abrasion volume loss (%) found using the Bohme abrasion test machine. It clearly appears that the abrasion volume loss (%) decreases with increasing [18–20, 45]. The research by Turgut and Yahlizade supports these results. They found that the use of glass replacement with fine aggregate up to 20% by weight decreased the abrasion volume loss (%). In this research, the decrease slows down between 5 and 15%; however, Turgut and Yahlizade did not investigate these proportions. The difference of abrasion volume loss of specimen with glass content of 20% compared to the specimen without CRTS is approximately 2.5% in this research; whereas it was 2% in the research by Turgut and Yahlizade. Their study

Based on the results of the experimental studies carried out in the research, the results obtained

1. CRTS slightly affects the slump values; an increase in the glass content in concrete reduces

2. CRTS content up to 10% increases the density and decreases water absorption. However, a CRTS content of 20% increases water absorption in the concrete. This shows that the CRTS up to 10% in concrete increases the filling by entering the gaps and introduces voids above 10%.

3. Increasing the CRTS content decreases the compressive and flexural strengths, except when the content is 5%. Although CRTS content of 15 and 20% reduces the strength, the strength of these specimen increases more than that of the other specimens after 28 days, which indicates a pozzolanic effect. This effect is less observed in specimens with 10%

4. CRTS content of 15 and 20% leads to the lowest pulse velocity values in comparison with the other concrete. The specimens with CRTS content of 5 and 10% exhibit higher pulse velocity compared to the specimens without CRTS until 28 days have passed. All values

5. Static and dynamic elasticity moduli exhibit similar trends to each other and also to the compressive strength at 28 days. The concrete specimens with CRTS content of 5 and 10% have larger moduli than P. The elasticity moduli decrease when the CRTS content reaches

6. An increase in CRTS content decreases the ASR resistance but not to a problematic level because the level is below the 0.1% ASTM C1260. The specimens with fly ash have lower values than those without fly ash. The use of fly ash in concrete with CRTS has a positive

15%. Specimens with 20% CRTS exhibit similar moduli to those with 15% CRTS.

The author wishes to acknowledge the support of Prof. Dr. Christian Meyer (who has patented the "use of waste glass in concrete") from the Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Department at Columbia University, who contributed important ideas to this study during a research on internal curing of concrete with the author in Carleton Laboratory at Columbia University.
