3. Ecological importance of tropical forests

Tropical forests provide diverse ecosystem services, such as play major role in water cycle, that is, they return around 90.0% precipitation into the atmosphere in the form of water vapors, increase the life span of dams through reducing the sediments into rivers, mitigate the disasters through reducing soil erosion and land sliding, and reduce the intensity and severity of floods [17]. Tropical forests are vital important for human well-being, that is, they contribute major proportion in food security (i.e., around global crops and one-third food supply depend on wild pollinators), regulate weather condition, reduce the negative effects of climate change by acting pollution filters, and serve as storage biodiversity. It has been stated that tropical forest may harbor >50.0% of world's terrestrial animal species [18]. Tropical forests play a crucial role in climate change, that is, the vegetation of tropical forest stored a huge amount of carbon taking from the atmosphere and stored in their various parts of the body (i.e., in leaves, stems, and roots, etc.) and serves as mega carbon storehouse or sinks (e.g., 25% store of world's carbon). It has been known that tropical forest can store huge amount of carbon compared to those they release back into atmosphere, slow down the rate of carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere, and reduce the effect of climate change. Hence, this indicated that tropical forests play a significant role to reduce the effects of climate change and reduce 12% emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Wildlife species are the essential component of the tropical forest ecosystem, that is, they play a major role, that is, pest control, pollination, and seed dispersal in tropical forest ecosystem [19]. At habitat level, the occurrence and richness of wildlife species represent a powerful tool to examine the current status of particular ecosystem. This could be that wildlife species are ecologically specialized in habitat use, diet, and highly sensitive to habitat and microclimate alteration [20–22].

Being rich in biodiversity, the tropical forests have been vanished and altered due to anthropogenic activities [23–25], habitat destruction and fragmentation, invasive species, overexploitation, and climate change [26–28].
