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**Chapter 3**

**Provisional chapter**

**Tribological Interaction of Bio-Based Metalworking**

Metalworking fluids were applied during the machining process to lubricate and cool the machine tool in order to reduce wear, friction, and heat generated. The increasing attention to the environment and health impacts leads to the formulation of eco-friendly metalworking fluids derived from vegetable oils (Jatropha and palm oils) to substitute the use of mineral-based oil. The present work focuses on the performance of refined biobased metalworking fluids during tapping torque and orthogonal cutting processes. Biobased metalworking fluids were formulated using 0.05 wt.% of hexagonal boron nitride

Jatropha and palm olein oils and were examined for their rheological properties in comparison with a commercially obtained synthetic ester (SE)-based cutting fluid. The tapping torque performance of the refined bio-based metalworking fluids was evaluated for their torque and efficiency. In addition, the performance of these bio-based metalworking fluids on orthogonal cutting parameters such as cutting force, cutting temperature, chip thickness, tool-chip contact length, and specific cutting energy was highlighted. The results obtained revealed that the rheological properties of the newly formulated biobased metalworking fluids were improved. From the tapping torque and orthogonal cutting performances, it was proven that the modified palm and Jatropha oils possess good anti-wear and anti-friction behavior compared to SE. In conclusion, the newly formulated bio-based metalworking fluids are suitable for the use as a new advanced renewable metalworking fluid for machining processes that correspond to the energy-saving

(hBN) and 1 wt.% of phosphonium-based ionic liquid [P66614][(<sup>i</sup>

**Tribological Interaction of Bio-Based Metalworking** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72511

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

C8 )2 PO<sup>2</sup>

] in a modified

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Keywords:** boron nitride, environmentally adapted metalworking fluid, ionic liquid,

**Fluids in Machining Process**

**Fluids in Machining Process**

Norfazillah Talib

**Abstract**

Norfazillah Talib

Erween Abd. Rahim, Amiril Sahab Abdul Sani and

Erween Abd. Rahim, Amiril Sahab Abdul Sani and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72511

benefits and environmental concerns.

renewable sources, sustainable machining

**Provisional chapter**
