Author details

seen, the traditional waste-processing plant [34] "Energy-2" requires specific investments I/C, close to the plasma technologies [35, 36]. On the contrary, it has the worst indicators P/C concerning the possibility of investment return due to the production of additional electric energy for external consumers. All three samples of technologies [34–36] have a very high cost; it cannot be compensated by production of additional electric energy. Some additional reduction of payback is achieved by the presence of a "green tariff" in Ukraine for electric energy. Thus, the proposed plasma-steam-oxygen technology of waste treatment has the highest calculated efficiency indicators compared with the developments under discussion. At the same time, it provides high levels of environmental safety. Further to improve the efficiency of this technology, it can facilitate the transition to more efficient methods of electricity production from syngas obtained [13]. This will lead to increasing value ηЕЕ and, respectively, further decrease of the part of synthesis gas that is used for energy self-sufficiency of gasification equipment. Such prospects are associated primarily with fuel cell technology that has

Contrary to popular belief among experts in classical thermal physics, the process of plasma gasification, even in the absence of oxygen blasting, can be maintained in the regime of energy

The most general assessments of ecological benefits and energy efficiency of plasma-steam gasification technologies are presented. It is shown based on the thermodynamic study that processing of sewage sludge using plasma technologies can be commercially attractive.

The described hazards treatment system has the ability to accept a wide range of waste materials and as such can be regarded as a mobile and flexible treatment system. This system can be applied to treat high toxic wastes containing both organic and inorganic substances.

The results show that hazards treatment technology can process highly toxic organic and

The results on heat balance and heat transfer point that the combustion process takes place over all the reactor volume. The incineration process finishes through the entrance section

The study one of the authors (V. Zhovyansky) was supported by Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, project "The development of steam-plasma technology of aeration stations sewage sludge conversion" and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, programs "Prospective study of plasma physics, controlled thermonuclear fusion and plasma technol-

ogy" and "Basic aspects of renewable-hydrogen power and fuel cell technology".

significantly greater efficiency than gas-diesel power stations.

inorganic substances with the efficiency of 99.99%.

(x/d < 1) of the reactor chamber.

Acknowledgements

6. Conclusion

186 Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock

self-sufficiency.

Victor Zhovtyansky<sup>1</sup> and Vitas Valinčius2 \*

