**4. Conclusion**

New microreactors for the gasification of low-grade feedstock have been developed. The fluidized bed TGA was applied to the coal and ash-free coal gasification. New values of activation energies are obtained. The values for coal pyrolysis are from 34.7 to 59.8 kcal/mol, whereas the one for the CO shift reaction is 46.6 kcal/mol. The use of the potassium catalyst is allowed to reduce the activation energies of the CO shift and the methane-reforming reactions by 56 and 33%, respectively. A novel microwave-TGA equipped with an innovated air thermometer and a product manifold was built. The developed system was used to predict the product yield and the bio-oil composition from pyrolysis of kraft lignin using a lumping approach. The experimental data were employed to estimate the kinetic parameters of every reaction to produce the solid, water, alipahtics, phenols, aromatic with a single ring aromatic non-phenol, heavy molecular weight compounds, and gas product.

At a temperature below 725 K, the yield of the gas product was higher than that of the liquid products. This results from the swift split of the lignin chains that mainly produce water and/ or gas products. The estimated kinetic parameters showed that the rate of thermal cracking of lignin is higher than that of the liquid product, which points out that the possibility of secondary reactions is low. The formation of the ASR-Non-pH and aliphatics families is lower than that of the HMWC, which could originate from the complex structure of the lining.

A saddle reactor is developed, and good mixing was observed for 20–30 g of silica sand and speed mixing of 15–30 RPM.
