**2.1. Machine learning**

These components are used in the process of planning, implementing, evaluating, following-up and developing objectives [1]. Machine learning has become a new frontier for higher education. Being one of the strongest newer technologies, machine learning plays the main rules in artificial intelligent and human interaction. Machine learning is the innovative tool being used to combat cancer, climate change, and even terrorism [2]. It is the new infrastructure for everything. Consequently, machine learning helps computers to find hidden insights without being

• In this chapter, machine learning technology is used as a principle of educational activities. There are different ways of using machine learning technology in education, such as in providing diverse learning options so a learner can discover what suits him/her best but in a manner where all individual variances between pupils are considered. Machine learning can also be used in review a lesson that was hard to understand [1]. Machine learning in education works in harmony with students' needs, and at a time and place that suits them best.

• Virtual assistance plays a crucial role in education and is a good forum for machine learning use. A virtual assistant can interact in a conversation with students [1]. This interaction involves conversational agents who assist students by using an application or website. The process works is quite simple with the student needing to input text. On the other hand, the agents execute the task and determine the appropriate response to the input before provid-

• Both machine learning and virtual assistants are used to interpret patterns and human interaction which supports deeper learning and provides users with fast and accurate data. This chapter proposes a new education framework that is powered by virtual assistance. It provides customized research for students. The suggested framework allows teachers to monitor their students' progress through their learning activities at any time. This is the best approach to training students to enhance their experience. The framework also helps teachers save time that is normally spent in preparing lectures, creating exams, document review, document creation, and light specific research. The proposed framework facilitates the leveraging of the most powerful technologies in improving the quality of education for both student and teacher. Another advantage associated with this framework of machine learning and virtual assistants is that it is less prone to the errors that usually encumber human operations. If an error occurs, the framework allows it to easily troubleshoot the

With the recent increase in the spread and use of technology across the world, it has become common for various sectors to adapt technology for use in their respective fields. This applies the education sector as it does to any other field. Terms such as artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning, and machine learning are now commonly used in education and by education professionals. Indeed, in the educational field, AI is used in machine learning. That is, machine learning makes use of AI in its effort to teach machines how to look for different types of data.

programmed to do so. Moreover, machine learning works as a good predictive.

176 Machine Learning - Advanced Techniques and Emerging Applications

ing an easy response that the student can easily understand.

problem and craft the appropriate resolution of the error.

**2. Related works**

Currently, education and learning remains largely focused on feeding students with information and hoping that it is retained. Accordingly, a student's intelligence is assessed by testing their ability to recall information previously taught. The problem is that this model ignores examining how well the students understand the information and how they apply it in real-life situations. This model has proven to be toxic over the years. More schools and education centers have begun to realize how use of machine learning can make work more efficient and easier and have started to adopt technology at an increasing rate. Indeed, machine learning can accommodate all kinds of students. In the long run, machine learning is bound to produce the following advantages:

*Customized and personalized learning* – Machine learning is flexible enough to cater to all students regardless of their learning speeds. By making use of algorithms that learn how the student consumes information, machine learning allows the learner to move ahead only after they have truly grasped the previous content. This process ensures that no student is overlooked or left behind. This is true even if they are the only one in class that has not yet understood the content. The machine learning system also allows teachers to individually monitor student and help them those areas where they are deficient. This contrasts with the traditional educational method, which focuses on a one-size-fits-all management where everyone in class is taught the same way. This type of learning can be found in the EdTech and MagicBox learning systems [3].

*Analytics of content*—Refers to a machine learning system where teachers instruct students by using machines. The machines are used to analyze the information teachers are using to teach and to determine whether the quality of the content meets the applicable standards. The machines are also used to help determine if the content taught to the students complies with the intellectual ability of each student. Since students are taught in accordance to their individual needs, their learning progress and understanding improve.

*Grading*—Machine learning systems are used to reduce the amount of time needed to grade student work. In addition, machines are used to increase the efficiency and accountability of the grading system. The system still allows for the larger portion of the grading to be performed by teachers. However, machines aid in the analysis of student information such as in the detection of plagiarism or cheating.

*Simplification of tedious tasks*—In the traditional method of learning, teachers spend a substantial amount of time in repetitive and tedious tasks, such as taking class attendance or gathering of class assignments. Machines can be used to automate these tasks and reduce the time or need for teachers to do them. Accordingly, teachers will have more time to focus on more important tasks such as making sure that their students fully understand the learning material.

*Students' progress*—By using machines, the teachers can monitor each student on a personal level and evaluate their learning progress, individually. Machines can also provide additional learning patterns of the students, which help teachers to determine the best ways of teaching the students.

As the above information makes clear, using machine learning in teaching brings numerous advantages to the table. It is therefore advisable for every school to adopt these types of learning platforms, such as the EdTech revolution program. With this, learning becomes easier, more efficient and customizable to each student's need [4]. By employing methods relating to digital learning, there is the possibility of collecting a wide range of data about the behaviour of the learner, especially in the learning activities. The measurements collected consist of variables like completion time, video views, group discussion activities and test results. Measurements of this nature are applicable in the context of feature engineering that leans on the machine learning algorithms. Experts argue that the algorithms can find a correlation between the specific behaviour exhibited by learners, regarding their learning performance [5]. It is this outcome that is used to determine the overall efficiency manifested by a particular machine program.

that are education-oriented tend to employ AI algorithms which harness their networking features. The algorithms also bring a personal touch to the learning process, making it more appealing to the learner. In addition, AI increases the level of interactivity in these platforms,

Machine Learning in Educational Technology http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72906 179

Machine learning algorithm works by having machines use software applications that assist the machine to determine outcomes that are accurate. By using algorithms, the machines can receive data, analyze it and then produce an output that is within an acceptable range. Machine learning algorithms are divided into two major groups: supervised algorithms and unsupervised algorithms. For supervised algorithms, people input information together with the required results into the machine. With this, the machine can learn what is desired of it when a similar command is inputted. For unsupervised learning, the machines are not fed

In the education sector, machine learning algorithms have made normal operations easier, faster and more efficient when compared to when they are done manually. This has proven to be a game changer in education sector. One of the major benefits of its adoption has been to help identify each student's needs so that the teachers can differentiate between problems general to the class and those specific to individual students. Accordingly, through machine learning, no student is overlooked or left behind. Additionally, with machine learning, students are also given a platform from which they can voice their grievances so that the problems do not escalate beyond resolution. The machines help in the grading, by monitoring the scores of the students in their assignments and the tests. The machines also assist teachers by organizing the information being taught to students. The inclusion of machine learning in education has, therefore, made the education system more convenient for both teachers and students alike.

AI has enabled teachers and to a larger extension, schools, design textbooks and learning exercises that can achieve a high degree of customization to the needs of the user. Content Technologies, Inc. (CTI) is one of the major players in the industry. CTI tends to specialize on deep learning concepts to create custom textbooks [9]. This is achieved by inputting a syllabus into the engine of CTI. After that, the system absorbs the content to generate new patterns. It is then the work of

Since students have different styles of learning, it is necessary to use a variety of assistance to help increase the performance level of learning. Various machine learning algorithms and techniques, such as decision-making algorithms and techniques, can be implemented for

There are two main parts to the virtual assistants, namely, one for students and other for teachers. Students can answer one or more virtual assistant's questions. One or more sponsored links, related to the determined course, is then provided to the student. The sponsored links can be voice, audio data, displaying video or textual information. Exam training and test dates remainder are kinds of the virtual assistant that gets provided to learners. Also, the

algorithms to use the knowledge gained for the purposes of creating textbook materials.

**3. The architecture of the virtual assistance framework**

allowing the virtual assistant to communicate with the students and teachers.

which is helpful in fostering the learning process.

with the outcome that one would like [9].

Recommender systems are the more obvious target of machine learning usage. The experience of this technology is illustrated by its use on some of the more prominent software platforms like Amazon and LinkedIn. Recently, Twitter has begun applying this technology to their platform. Researchers in the education sector consider recommender systems as the most utilized systems in modern times. In the context of human learning, recommender systems that are oriented to learning in a specific way have the capacity to assist learners properly identify the appropriate content [6]. In this regard, there is a guarantee of realizing the projected competence development objectives as far as machine-oriented education is concerned.

The advance in AI technology has allowed machine learning in education gain a considerable amount of support. In fact, machine learning should be credited for making AI a possible and fruitful endeavor in education. In achieving this result, machine learning has combined and utilized the aspects of mathematical algorithms. Researchers in the vast education field have tried to introduce the concept of machine learning into the mainstream schooling system. The goal has been to use machine learning as teaching assistants that can ease the job of human educators [7]. This approach aids in data provision of the students' performance, coupled with suggested actions geared towards making improvements to the student's learning experience.

The use of machine learning in tools related to education technology has been more significant in its overall applications. Experts have created a real-time platform capable of giving immediate feedback to learners. The same platform has harnessed the efficiency and effectiveness of online-based tutors. In fact, the platform has been credited with almost all the success that takes place on the Internet. The latest platforms are so sophisticated that they are capable of detecting and monitoring the reaction of the student concerning the concepts being taught. This approach is known to reduce the misunderstanding normally experienced during the learning process. The ability of these platforms to give early warning to tutors enables them to avoid mistakes that would have otherwise been made during the learning process [8]. Tutoring systems based on AI is an interesting and resourceful concept, to the extent that it employs substantial amounts of data that is coupled to machine learning, to offer guidance that is personalized and supplemental to the students. The feedback system provided by the AI tutoring systems is critical in tracking the learners' progress.

The adoption of machine learning technology has enhanced the concept of crowd-sourced tutoring. The goal of crowd-sourced tutoring is to provide assistance from private tutors, and in some cases, classmates who fill gaps in understanding by supplementing the content learned in class. Students using social networking sites for learning purposes, like Brainy, are enjoying the effectiveness of AI in the learning process. Most of the social networking sites that are education-oriented tend to employ AI algorithms which harness their networking features. The algorithms also bring a personal touch to the learning process, making it more appealing to the learner. In addition, AI increases the level of interactivity in these platforms, which is helpful in fostering the learning process.

efficient and customizable to each student's need [4]. By employing methods relating to digital learning, there is the possibility of collecting a wide range of data about the behaviour of the learner, especially in the learning activities. The measurements collected consist of variables like completion time, video views, group discussion activities and test results. Measurements of this nature are applicable in the context of feature engineering that leans on the machine learning algorithms. Experts argue that the algorithms can find a correlation between the specific behaviour exhibited by learners, regarding their learning performance [5]. It is this outcome that is

Recommender systems are the more obvious target of machine learning usage. The experience of this technology is illustrated by its use on some of the more prominent software platforms like Amazon and LinkedIn. Recently, Twitter has begun applying this technology to their platform. Researchers in the education sector consider recommender systems as the most utilized systems in modern times. In the context of human learning, recommender systems that are oriented to learning in a specific way have the capacity to assist learners properly identify the appropriate content [6]. In this regard, there is a guarantee of realizing the projected com-

The advance in AI technology has allowed machine learning in education gain a considerable amount of support. In fact, machine learning should be credited for making AI a possible and fruitful endeavor in education. In achieving this result, machine learning has combined and utilized the aspects of mathematical algorithms. Researchers in the vast education field have tried to introduce the concept of machine learning into the mainstream schooling system. The goal has been to use machine learning as teaching assistants that can ease the job of human educators [7]. This approach aids in data provision of the students' performance, coupled with suggested actions geared towards making improvements to the student's learning experience. The use of machine learning in tools related to education technology has been more significant in its overall applications. Experts have created a real-time platform capable of giving immediate feedback to learners. The same platform has harnessed the efficiency and effectiveness of online-based tutors. In fact, the platform has been credited with almost all the success that takes place on the Internet. The latest platforms are so sophisticated that they are capable of detecting and monitoring the reaction of the student concerning the concepts being taught. This approach is known to reduce the misunderstanding normally experienced during the learning process. The ability of these platforms to give early warning to tutors enables them to avoid mistakes that would have otherwise been made during the learning process [8]. Tutoring systems based on AI is an interesting and resourceful concept, to the extent that it employs substantial amounts of data that is coupled to machine learning, to offer guidance that is personalized and supplemental to the students. The feedback system provided by the

The adoption of machine learning technology has enhanced the concept of crowd-sourced tutoring. The goal of crowd-sourced tutoring is to provide assistance from private tutors, and in some cases, classmates who fill gaps in understanding by supplementing the content learned in class. Students using social networking sites for learning purposes, like Brainy, are enjoying the effectiveness of AI in the learning process. Most of the social networking sites

used to determine the overall efficiency manifested by a particular machine program.

178 Machine Learning - Advanced Techniques and Emerging Applications

petence development objectives as far as machine-oriented education is concerned.

AI tutoring systems is critical in tracking the learners' progress.

Machine learning algorithm works by having machines use software applications that assist the machine to determine outcomes that are accurate. By using algorithms, the machines can receive data, analyze it and then produce an output that is within an acceptable range. Machine learning algorithms are divided into two major groups: supervised algorithms and unsupervised algorithms. For supervised algorithms, people input information together with the required results into the machine. With this, the machine can learn what is desired of it when a similar command is inputted. For unsupervised learning, the machines are not fed with the outcome that one would like [9].

In the education sector, machine learning algorithms have made normal operations easier, faster and more efficient when compared to when they are done manually. This has proven to be a game changer in education sector. One of the major benefits of its adoption has been to help identify each student's needs so that the teachers can differentiate between problems general to the class and those specific to individual students. Accordingly, through machine learning, no student is overlooked or left behind. Additionally, with machine learning, students are also given a platform from which they can voice their grievances so that the problems do not escalate beyond resolution. The machines help in the grading, by monitoring the scores of the students in their assignments and the tests. The machines also assist teachers by organizing the information being taught to students. The inclusion of machine learning in education has, therefore, made the education system more convenient for both teachers and students alike.

AI has enabled teachers and to a larger extension, schools, design textbooks and learning exercises that can achieve a high degree of customization to the needs of the user. Content Technologies, Inc. (CTI) is one of the major players in the industry. CTI tends to specialize on deep learning concepts to create custom textbooks [9]. This is achieved by inputting a syllabus into the engine of CTI. After that, the system absorbs the content to generate new patterns. It is then the work of algorithms to use the knowledge gained for the purposes of creating textbook materials.
