**Acknowledgements**

The Service Directorate of Investigation of the Regional Directorate of Fisheries of the Autonomous Region of Madeira (DSI/DRP) and UE FEDER (INTERREG V-A MAC 2014-2020) in the framework of the project MARISCOMAC under contract MAC/2.3d/097, are acknowledged for providing financial support for this work. The first author (RS) was supported by a grant from ARDITI-OOM/2016/010 (M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000001-Observatório Oceânico da Madeira-OOM). The authors are grateful to Inhaki Gaztanhaga, Gonzálo- Lorenzo, and André Pinto for the collection of specimens from Cape Verde, Canaries archipelago, and mainland Portugal. The authors are also thankful to the Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza (IFCN IP-RAM) for providing specimens from the Natural Reserve of the Selvagens Islands.

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