Preface

**Section 3 Advanced Applications 147**

**VI** Contents

Yasuhisa Maeda

**Heavy Oil 177**

Roberto Baca

Gungor

Adriana Dehelean

**Harvesting 255** Munetoshi Seki

Chapter 8 **Photoelectrochemistry of Hematite 149**

Chapter 9 **Iron Oxide-Based Catalyst for Catalytic Cracking of**

Eri Fumoto, Shinya Sato and Toshimasa Takanohashi

**Wastewater Using Magnetic Luffa sponge NPs 207**

Chapter 12 **Preclinical Aspects on Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Interventions as Anticancer Agents: Enucleation,**

Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu, Semra Cicek, Hicran Onem and Azize Alayli

Elena-Alina Moacă, Elena Dorina Coricovac, Codruta Marinela Soica, Iulia Andreea Pinzaru, Cornelia Silvia Păcurariu and Cristina

Chapter 10 **Mn-Zn Ferrite as Recycled Material Resource Based on Iron Oxide Suitable to Functional Green Devices 189**

Chapter 11 **The Investigation of Removing Direct Blue 15 Dye from**

**Apoptosis and Other Mechanism 229**

Chapter 13 **Bandgap-Engineered Iron Oxides for Solar Energy**

Despite an increasing importance of the new materials, iron remains the basis of modern hu‐ man civilization, and steel (alloy of iron and carbon) is the most important engineering and construction material worldwide. In other words, we still live in the Iron Age. In this respect, iron ore is strategically an important resource and the way how it is mined, processed and applied, determines the framework of our current and future industrial development.

This book encompasses the entire value chain of iron ore mining and processing industries, and therefore is structured into three sections delivering a synergy of multidisciplinary as‐ pects such as (i) geological genesis and characteristics of iron ore deposits; (ii) processing, agglomeration, reduction and smelting of iron ore materials; and (iii) advanced applications of iron oxide materials. The chapters are written by the researchers from all over the world.

I am very grateful to all the authors for their contribution, willingness to share research results and expertise with the reading audience, and for their hard work to make this book happen.

I sincerely thank the publisher *IntechOpen* for the initiative to publish this book. Reading audience of researchers and students has now a rare opportunity to find comprehensive, cutting-edge information covering a wide range of interdisciplinary issues in the domain of science and technology of iron ores and iron oxide materials in a single book.

> **Volodymyr Shatokha** National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine Dnipro, Ukraine

**Section 1**

**Genesis, Properties and Mining**

**Genesis, Properties and Mining**

**Chapter 1**

Provisional chapter

**The Chinese Iron Ore Deposits and Ore Production**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76729

Probably due to large national land area and multi-period orogeny, from the view of metallogeny, lots of iron deposits developed in China, and the proven total reserves of iron ores are relatively abundant, but mainly low-grade ores. For years, China's iron ore reserves are far from being able to meet the requirement of rapid development of steel industry. China is the world's largest importer of iron ore, whose imports accounted for one-third of the world's total in recent decades; however, the buyer has not the final say. The strategic importance of iron ore resources in national economy not only depends on the social value and economic value created by the iron ore exploitation, but also depends on whether the requirements of the steel industry and steel downstream industry, and safety ensuring, economy and sustainability of steel and steel downstream industry. Herein, the iron mineral processing and metallurgy technology are also briefly illustrated.

Keywords: iron ore deposits, mineral processing, ore metallurgy, iron ore demand and

This chapter will give a general description on the Chinese iron ore deposits, supply and demand market, mineral processing and iron ore metallurgy technology. For years, the Chinese iron industry is highly dependent on the foreign mines due its quick development on economics. Presently, it is the world's largest importer of iron ore, whose imports accounted for one-third of the world's total. In fact, it holds abundant iron resource, although most are low grade and small. Therefore, the mineral processing and metallurgy technology quickly

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The Chinese Iron Ore Deposits and Ore Production

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76729

supply, iron ore metallogeny, China

develop accompanying its iron demand and economic soaring.

Guangrong Li

Guangrong Li

Abstract

1. Introduction

#### **The Chinese Iron Ore Deposits and Ore Production** The Chinese Iron Ore Deposits and Ore Production

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76729

#### Guangrong Li Guangrong Li

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76729

#### Abstract

Probably due to large national land area and multi-period orogeny, from the view of metallogeny, lots of iron deposits developed in China, and the proven total reserves of iron ores are relatively abundant, but mainly low-grade ores. For years, China's iron ore reserves are far from being able to meet the requirement of rapid development of steel industry. China is the world's largest importer of iron ore, whose imports accounted for one-third of the world's total in recent decades; however, the buyer has not the final say. The strategic importance of iron ore resources in national economy not only depends on the social value and economic value created by the iron ore exploitation, but also depends on whether the requirements of the steel industry and steel downstream industry, and safety ensuring, economy and sustainability of steel and steel downstream industry. Herein, the iron mineral processing and metallurgy technology are also briefly illustrated.

Keywords: iron ore deposits, mineral processing, ore metallurgy, iron ore demand and supply, iron ore metallogeny, China

### 1. Introduction

This chapter will give a general description on the Chinese iron ore deposits, supply and demand market, mineral processing and iron ore metallurgy technology. For years, the Chinese iron industry is highly dependent on the foreign mines due its quick development on economics. Presently, it is the world's largest importer of iron ore, whose imports accounted for one-third of the world's total. In fact, it holds abundant iron resource, although most are low grade and small. Therefore, the mineral processing and metallurgy technology quickly develop accompanying its iron demand and economic soaring.

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
