**Author details**

The SO<sup>2</sup>

steam. The SO<sup>2</sup>

concentration.

in this reaction, H<sup>2</sup>

186 Iron Ores and Iron Oxide Materials

compounds and H2

**5. Conclusion**

because of sulfur content, such as H<sup>2</sup>

were decomposed to produce H2

supplied to light hydrocarbons, H<sup>2</sup>

compound of AR, producing H<sup>2</sup>

O3

of AR with the *α*-Fe<sup>2</sup>

**Acknowledgements**

light hydrocarbons.

Science (JSPS).

reacted with sulfur compounds, producing SO<sup>2</sup>

from steam reacted with sulfur compounds to form SO<sup>2</sup>

pounds with large amounts of oxygen and hydrogen species.

hydrocarbons, and residue. The lattice oxygen of *α*-Fe<sup>2</sup>

Decomposition and desulfurization of AR were examined using *α*-Fe<sup>2</sup>

react with heavy oil fraction, producing light hydrocarbons and CO<sup>2</sup>

S. Some SO<sup>2</sup>

was detected only in the reaction without steam. The lattice oxygen of iron oxide

has high solubility in water (1.4 mol/kg at 25°C [15]). Hence, no SO<sup>2</sup>

be detected in the catalytic cracking of AR with steam, even if oxygen species generated

tion also could be dissolved in water. When nitrogen was injected into the water collected

Sulfur content in residue decreased with increase in flow rate ratio of steam to AR solution. Larger amounts of hydrogen species were generated at higher ratio of steam to AR solution and reacted with heavy sulfur compounds deposited on the catalyst to produce light sulfur

resulted from production of light sulfur compounds by the reaction of heavy sulfur com-

taining Zr and Al in a steam atmosphere. The catalyst was prepared by coprecipitation method. Heavy oil fraction of AR was decomposed with the catalyst, producing CO<sup>2</sup>

Then, oxygen species generated from steam were supplied to the iron oxide lattice and

generated from steam during the reaction of the oxygen species, and heavy oil fraction

hydrocarbons suppressed alkene generation. Some hydrogen species reacted with sulfur

compound and oxygen species derived from steam. Consequently, hydrogen species and oxygen species derived from steam reacted with heavy oil fraction and sulfur compound

This work was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientist B (21760622, 23760733) and Scientific Research C (25420822) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of

S and SO<sup>2</sup>

in the catalytic cracking of AR without

, in water and measurement errors of sulfur

. Some H2

S was detected [10]. The difference was approximately 23 mol%-S

S. Sulfur concentration in the oil decreased because sulfur compounds

S. Increase in sulfur concentration in the oil at *F*<sup>S</sup>

O3

catalyst containing Zr and Al in a steam atmosphere to produce

S, and residue. Supplies of the hydrogen species to light

could be generated by the reaction of sulfur

might

/*F* = 2.7 was

catalyst con-

. Hydrogen species

, light

S produced in the reac-

O3

reacted with heavy oil at first.

Eri Fumoto\*, Shinya Sato and Toshimasa Takanohashi

\*Address all correspondence to: e-fumoto@aist.go.jp

Research Institute of Energy Frontier, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
