**Acknowledgements**

The research is supported by Research University Grant Tier 1 (vot 17H59). We would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for providing research funding. This acknowledgement also goes to the Achieving, Validating, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanography (AVISO) data team for providing SARAL/AltiKa data, the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSSM) and the University of Hawaii Sea Level Centre (UHSLC) for providing tide gauge data. Special thanks to Dr. Angela Maharaj from University of New South Wales, Australia for her constructive comment about this book chapter.
