Preface

**Section 3 Applications and Perspectives 127**

Chapter 8 **Oxidative Stress in Urolithiasis 129**

**Singlet Oxygen 161** Kazutaka Hirakawa

Chapter 9 **Biomolecules Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide and**

Chapter 10 **Soil Remediation Assessment by Detection of Reactive Oxygen**

**Species in Lizard Testis: An Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)**

Giulia Guerriero, Gerardino D'Errico, Anna De Maio, Anna Rita Bianchi, Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju and Gaetano Ciarcia

Chanchai Boonla

**VI** Contents

**Approach 191**

The book aims to bring together the newest scientific data in the field of reactive species biolo‐ gy.

The chapters contain scientific works from scientists of different leading researcher groups in the field of reactive species.

The main subject of the book refers to the "metabolism" of the reactive species and cellular signaling. The book focuses on cellular signaling as a vital process in adapting the body to the stress factors. The book also highlights the boundary between beneficial and negative effects of reactive species as being the key in the elucidation of their role.

The book presents ROS involvement in many types of pathologies such as renal lithiasis and bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, male infertility, bone fragility, skin diseases such as psoriasis and vitiligo, and the cardiovascular system functioning in hypoxia at high altitude.

The presentation of very different but widespread pathologies, in which reactive species are involved, may be very useful to physicians in their therapeutic approach. The book provides information on new techniques for producing reactive species in situ for therapeutic purpos‐ es in cancer therapy. It also contains useful information for treatment of skin diseases, male infertility, kidney stone and bladder cancer, as well as bone fragility. The readers will find well-documented information that advises on the conditions and precautions to be taken when using phytochemicals in the treatment of cancer.

By linking the fundamental notions regarding reactive species to altered mechanisms of var‐ ious diseases, the authors emphasize the clinical aspects of the book.

The research in the field of reactive species will certainly continue, as the most recent data indicate that they have a major role in epigenetics. Last but not least, the book contains ex‐ tremely useful information about high-sensitivity ROS detection techniques and new devi‐ ces designed for ROS quantification.

The book addresses mainly to those who have knowledge of chemistry, biochemistry, phar‐ macology, physiology, and physiopathology. It presents information to be of benefit for medical students, practicing physicians, biologists, biochemists and researchers as well.

I would like to express my gratitude to all the scientists who had chosen to join this project by submitting their work.

I would also like to thank Ms. Maja Bozicevic, Publishing Process Manager at IntechOpen, for her help and guidance along this work.

> **Cristiana Filip and Elena Albu** "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania

**Section 1**

**Main Concepts**

**Section 1**
