**2.13. Leslie and Summerell**

In 2006, Leslie from the United States and Summerell from Australia integrated the morphological, biological, and phylogenic species concepts and published "The *Fusarium* Laboratory Manual" with 70 species [3]. This manual, which is based on the outcomes of workshops conducted at the Kansas State University, is widely used by mycologists and plant pathologists to identify *Fusarium* isolates.

Although taxonomy of *Fusarium* species has been historically a complex issue, and no unanimous agreement available among the *Fusarium* taxonomists, using morphological characteristics combined by the molecular data minimizes differences in identification of *Fusarium* isolates. As more information is generated, more accurate taxonomic systems are expected to be developed for the identification of species of *Fusarium*.
