**Plant Secondary Metabolites for Antifusarium and Antiphytophthora Antiphytophthora**

**Plant Secondary Metabolites for Antifusarium and** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.71552

Sukrasno Sukrasno Sukrasno Sukrasno

[40] Scudamore KA, Baillie H, Patel S, Edwards SG. Occurrence and fate of *Fusarium* mycotoxins during commercial processing of oats in the UK. Food Additives and Contaminants:

[41] De Angelis E, Monaci L, Pascale M, Visconti A. Fate of deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and their glucoside conjugates from flour to bread: An investigation by high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Food Additives

[42] Kaushik G. Effect of processing on mycotoxin content in grains. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2015;**55**:1672-1683. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.701254

[43] Kamimura H, Nishijima M, Saito K, Yasuda K, Ibe A, Nagayama T, Ushiyama H, Naoi Y. The decomposition of trichothecene mycotoxins during food processing. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (*Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi*). 1979;**20**:352-357. DOI:

[44] Kushiro M. Effects of milling and cooking processes on the deoxynivalenol content in wheat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008;**9**:2127-2145. DOI: 10.3390/

[45] Castelo MM, Sumner SS, Bullerman LB. Stability of fumonisins in thermally processed corn products. Journal of Food Protection. 1998;**61**:1030-1033. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-

[46] Pérez de Obanos A, González-Peñas E, López de Cerain A. Influence of roasting and brew preparation on the ochratoxin A content in coffee infusion. Food Additives and

[47] Yazdanpanah H, Mohammadi T, Abouhossain G, Cheraghali AM. Effect of roasting on degradation of aflatoxins in contaminated pistachio nuts. Food and Chemical

[48] Bokhari FM, Aly MM. Evolution of traditional means of roasting and mycotoxins contaminated coffee beans in Saudi Arabia. Advances in Biological Research. 2009;**3**:71-78.

[49] Lancova K, Hajslova J, Kostelanska M, Kohoutkova J, Nedelnik J, Moravcova H, Vanova M. Fate of trichothecene mycotoxins during the processing: Milling and baking. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A. 2008;**25**:650-659. DOI: 10.1080/02652030701660536

[50] Guy RCE. Extruded snack foods. In: Guy RCE, editor. Extrusion Cooking: Technologies

[51] Castells M, Marín S, Sanchis V, Ramos AJ. Fate of mycotoxins in cereals during extrusion cooking: A review. Food Additives and Contaminants. 2005;**22**:150-157. DOI: 10.1080/

[52] Scudamore KA, Guy RCE, Kelleher B, MacDonald SJ. Fate of *Fusarium* mycotoxins in maize flour and grits during extrusion cooking. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part

and Applications. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2001. p. 161-181

A. 2008;**25**:1374-1384. DOI: 10.1080/02652030802136188

Contaminants: Part A. 2005;**22**:463-471. DOI: 10.1080/02652030500090042

Toxicology. 2005;**43**:1135-1139. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.004

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059338.g006

02652030500037969

and Contaminants Part A. 2013;**30**:345-355. DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.740776

Part A. 2007;**24**:1374-1385. DOI: 10.1080/02652030701509972

64 Fusarium - Plant Diseases, Pathogen Diversity, Genetic Diversity, Resistance and Molecular Markers

10.3358/shokueishi.20.352

ijms9112127

61.8.1030

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71552

#### **Abstract**

Plants produce secondary metabolites that are essential for survival of the producing plants such as to attract insect for pollination and defend against pest and environmental stress. Plant secondary metabolites are widely exploited by the mankind especially for medicine, one of which is to protect against infection by microorganism including fungi. Many medicinal plants have been traditionally used and/or studied for the fungicidal activity. Most of the plants studied or traditionally used as antifungi show antiphytophthora activity and some of them also active as antifusarium. Higher concentration plant extract is needed to inhibit the growth of *Fusarium* than *Phytophthora*. Considering the concentration in plant and activity as antifungi, eugenol is considered to be the most effective to be used as antiphytophthora and antifusarium. The presence of aromatic moiety, orthodioxy substitution, and double bond in the terminal of site chain is considered to be essential for the antifungal activity of the eugenol derivative.

**Keywords:** secondary metabolites, plant, antifungal, antifusarium, antiphytophthora
