**1. Introduction**

Quality is a worldwide value and now has converted a universal concern. The burden of globalization has built manufacturing organizations affecting to three main competitive areas such as cost, responsiveness and quality. For the better survival, it is necessary to offer clienteles with good quality stuff, so necessary for manufacturing organizations to ensure that their procedures are constantly supervised and quality of the product is enhanced. The manufacturing company applies several techniques for quality control (QC) to increase the quality of the progression by decreasing its variability [1].

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A variety of methods exist to control the products or process quality. Seven statistical process control (SPC) tools are included such as plan, do, check, act (PDCA), quality function deployment (QFD), acceptance sampling, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), a design of experiments (DoE) and six sigma [2]. This chapter emphasizes the implementation of quality control in companies and categorizes the factors applying for quality control techniques, the techniques used in the implementation. The inspiring factors for the companies to relate quality control and tasks challenge by companies in implementing the quality control [3–5].

**2. Quality control**

Quality can be described as achieving customer requirement or specification, without any deficiency. A product is considered to be great in quality if it is working as reliable and expected. Quality control denotes to activities to confirm that produced articles are achieving the highest promising quality. Furthermost of tools and techniques to control the quality are statistical procedures. The techniques for the quality control can be categorized into the basic, intermediate and advanced level, although there is no unanimity amongst researchers about it. For example, Xie et al. [7] deliberate the DoE as an intermediary level technique while Antony et al. [8] classified that technique as advanced. Nonetheless, the contents are more significant rather than the classification. Amongst the basic techniques, SPC is a statistical method for supporting the supervisors, operators and managers to accomplish quality and to remove special causes of inconsistency in the process [9]. The early role of SPC is to stop rather than process deterioration or recognize the product, but Xie et al. [7] propose for its new role to vigorously identifying prospects for the improvement of the process. The foremost tools in SPC are control charts. An essential knowledge of the control charts is to analyze the hypothesis that there are few common reasons of alternative versus variability, that there are exceptional causes by continuously observing the process. The manufacturing company could avoid defect items to be administered in the subsequent stage and to take instant cor-

Implementation of Quality Control

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77060

DoE and Taguchi approaches are influential tools for the development of product and process. Taguchi methods, for example, the purpose of manufacturing products or process that vigorous to non-desirable turbulences such as manufacturing and environmental variations. Though, the request of these two approaches by industries is inadequate [11]. Antony et al. [8] delineate the problems in the application including the inappropriate understanding of statistical ideas in the procedures; therefore recommend an approach for the implementation. Procedure ability study is an effective technique to examine the ability of a procedure to pro-

The process gains fast raising attention because of increased utilization of the quality system (QS9000), where to take advantage of method capability study are demanded [12]. The outcome obtains from capability study may want some modification of process employing some other statistical technique, for example, DoE or SPC. Furthermore, Motorcu and Gullu [13] and Srikaeo et al. [14] conducted a capability study in which process capability production and stability machine tool were assessed and crucial procedure to diminish poor quality pro-

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a well-known technique to identify the point where precisely problems can take place as well as to urgencies feasible problems in the order of their difficulty [15]. This tool is valuable to troubleshoot problems in the process, i.e. process FMEA and to recognize problems in the product, i.e. design FMEA [7]. Additionally, six sigma is also a known statistical device for confirming the fault-free products via nonstop progress and six sigma application has been chiefly employed in manufacturing industry. However, use of six sigma in the software development is a case of the non-manufacturing

rective action while the process exists to be out of control [10].

duction was carried out employing other statistical methods.

duce items that meet specifications.

Laboratory facilities are an important constituent of quality health care. It can be employed efficiently at each level of health care system, involving point-of-care and primary health care testing. Results of the quality laboratory are requisite to support justify, monitor, treatment and clinical diagnosis, for the purposes of epidemiology, surveillance and control of disease at public health importance, and to deliver the initial warning of disease epidemics. This increases the accuracy of health evidence and endorses the national health planning effectively. The aim of establishing laboratory quality standards is to confirm the confidence of patients, increase the accuracy of test results, communities and clinicians in the importance of laboratory testing, and to update patient management [6]. Entirely laboratory activities might be subject to errors, and many studies have exposed that errors in the laboratory can appear in all the phases of diagnostic processes. The examples of errors that may occur in all phase are given below.
