**2. Nutrient management and soil amendments**

Sugarcane is a semi-perennial crop replanted after 3–7 ratoon cycles, depending at least in part on the soil fertility and crop variety [5]. After a relatively long time receiving fertilizers and recycling crop residue on an annual basis, the soil ecosystem sustainability and multifunctionality can become compromised in most production areas [28]. The impacts of these management practices, and inorganic and organic fertilizer amendments on soil microbes and GHG emissions, as well as on soil physicochemical factors including labile fractions from soil organic matter in sugarcane fields worldwide are addressed below based on a soil multianalytic perspective.
