**8. Conclusions and remarks**

The abundant availability of sugarcane bagasse offers an alternative toward the engineered fillers as well as the seasonal natural fibers as reinforcement of polymers for various applications. It can be argued that the hydrophilic character of sugar bagasse adversely affect the properties of the composite materials. Most of the studies based on surface modification of the fibers proved that these fibers can be applied in various fields such as aerospace, construction and automotive if the suitable surface modifier is applied. However, these modifications must be applied in such a way that they do not influence other properties especially for the fibers which are very sensitive toward harsh conditions which may adversely affect their durability and versatility. The inherited properties such as biodegradability and renewability has to be considered during the production of the composite materials. All processing techniques have their benefits and limitations. For example, the CNCs-based composites are preferably prepared *via* solution casting and *in situ* polymerization to obtain highly homogeneous distribution of the filler and interfacial adhesion without surface modification. In addition the low yield obtained from the extraction process *viz.* acid hydrolysis limit their application in melt compounding where large quantities of the filler are required.
