**3. Bladder anomalies**

The bladder is a very important element in antenatal fetal examination. Clinicians may suspect anomalies of the bladder when not visualized on prenatal examination or when enlarged. From the pathological point of view, we may encounter various anomalies as well:

	- Abdominal anterior wall injuries: inguinal hernia is common.
	- Lesion of pelvic bones: shortening and defects of rotation of pubic bones.
	- Lesions of the genitalia: micropenis and cryptorchidism appear in boys; in girls, the vagina is short and has various degrees of stenosis, the clitoris is bifid and the small labia are divergent.
	- The anterior bladder wall is absent, and the posterior wall is the submuscular segment of the anterior abdominal wall.
