**Author details**

**Figure 13.** Fetal ovarian cyst: 2D and 3D surface rendering images. The evolution of the case led to the typical 'fluid–

of ultrasound technology and due to the increase in the incidence of pregnancies that require

These ovarian tumors may be uni- or bilateral, sometimes multiple, and their appearance is as anechoic structures, thin-walled and having various sizes [5, 21–24]. Some authors described cases with solid tumors, teratomas or hemorrhagic cysts. To increase the accuracy of the diag-

Fetal ovarian cysts have usually a good outcome; most of them progress to spontaneous resolution in the postnatal period. The most frequent complication of cysts is ovarian torsion. Other complications may be intracystic hemorrhage, rupture, dystocia during birth, etc. There are no guidelines for monitoring and treatment of this condition. The non-invasive monitoring by ultrasound seems to be the best approach in prenatal life [1, 5, 19–25] (**Figure 13**).

Hydrocolpos is the accumulation of fluid in the vagina. When the fluid is observed on the vagina and the uterine body, the condition is called hydrometrocolpos. These diseases are caused by the persistence of the urogenital sinus or cloaca malformations [23]. The presence of a cystic mass in the presacral area, containing an anechoic fluid (suggesting urine) or sediment content, should guide the clinician to a diagnosis of urogenital sinus persistence [1, 2, 25].

The ultrasound diagnosis of renal and urinary tract abnormalities is generally based on the exclusion criteria, by comparison with the normal imaging one. In most cases, kidney or urinary tract abnormalities are diagnosed considering the appearance of amniotic fluid abnormalities, visualization of kidney size abnormalities or dilated appearance of the urinary tract. Congenital kidney abnormalities are often associated with the urinary tract malformation, and there is a wide range of anomalies resulting from disorders in the development process. It is important to differentiate abnormalities incompatible with life (as they require interruption

of pregnancy) and asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic diseases in the postnatal life.

nosis, MRI examination may be required (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) [22].

fluid' level aspect, due to the intracystic hemorrhage.

304 Congenital Anomalies - From the Embryo to the Neonate

**7.2. Hydrocolpos**

**8. Conclusions**

hormonal treatment during the gestation period [2].

Sidonia Maria Sandulescu1 \*, Ramona Mircea Vicol2,3, Adela Serban2,3, Andreea Veliscu Carp2,4 and Vaduva Cristian1,5

