**Author details**

themselves horizontally, with the lobules closer to the midline, most certainly because of

**Figure 18.** Sagittal scan a fetus at 13 weeks of gestation shows prominent forehead and retrognathia (polyploidy).

The anatomic lesions range from ears closely opposed to the midline (synotia), agnathia,

Otocephaly may be part of very severe malformation complexes, such as conjoined twins and

**Associated anomalies:** Holoprosencephaly, neural tube defects, cephaloceles, midline proboscis, hypoplastic tongue, tracheoesophageal fistula, cardiac anomalies, and adrenal hypo-

**Diagnosis:** This anomaly is to be suspected when the jaw cannot be visualized and the ears are noticed in a very low position. Fetuses with extremely severe anomalies, such as anencephaly, holoprosencephaly, and cephaloceles, also present this defect. In cases of milder anomalies, it is difficult to distinguish the otocephaly from other conditions characterized by very low set ears, for instance Treacher Collins syndrome, during a prenatal ultrasound

**Prognosis and obstetrical management:** This condition is incompatible with life. Pregnancy termination could be offered any time in a pregnancy when a confident diag-

Abnormal size of the chin, micrognathia and macrognathia, and abnormal length of the phil-

absence of the mouth to varying degrees of micrognathia and low set ears (melotia).

either absence or extreme hypoplasia of the mandible (**Figure 8**).

**8. The chin: Micrognathia-retrognathia or prognathia**

trum (short or long) are morphological features in numerous syndromes.

holoprosencephaly [55].

110 Congenital Anomalies - From the Embryo to the Neonate

examination [57, 58].

nosis is made [57].

plasia [56].

Maria Șorop-Florea<sup>1</sup> , Roxana-Cristina Dragușin<sup>1</sup> , Ciprian Laurențiu Pătru<sup>1</sup> , Lucian George Zorilă<sup>1</sup> , Cristian Marinaș<sup>2</sup> , Virgiliu-Bogdan Șorop<sup>3</sup> , Cristian Neamțu<sup>4</sup> , Alina Veduța<sup>5</sup> , Dominic Gabriel Iliescu<sup>1</sup> \* and Nicolae Cernea1

\*Address all correspondence to: dominic.iliescu@yahoo.com

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostic Unit, University Emergency County Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania

2 Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania

3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș" Timișoara, Romania

4 Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania

5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Romania
