*4.4.1. Capillary hemangioma*

It is a congenital vascular abnormality which consists of an agglomeration of neo-formation capillary vessels, manifested in the form of variable reddish-purple patches (**Figures 8** and **9**). These patches are mainly located on the face, neck and lips, but they can appear on any area of the body. They are diagnosed by clinical inspection.

Capillary hemangiomas occur only in the layers of the skin, and they do not develop in depth. They generally appear within a few weeks after birth, but they may appear in infants too and most frequently disappear spontaneously in 1–2 years. A special form of this anomaly is the 'birthmark', the clinical form that appears on the nape or covers a portion of the face and has a violet color [45, 46].

The treatment can be surgical and dermatological-medical and may consist of the surgical excision of hemangiomas, laser pulses, cryosurgery and systemic administration of glucocorticoids. Oral propranolol may be administered in order to reduce the size of hemangiomas

The Neonate with Minor Dysmorphisms http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71902 519

Mongolian Spots, also known as Mongolian Blue Spots or congenital dermal melanocytosis, represent a congenital condition characterized by the presence of smooth spots, irregularshaped with wavy borders, dark blue to brown, with a normal skin texture [48]. They may be present from birth or may appear within the first few weeks of life during the neonatal period.

may be a therapeutic option [47].

**Figure 9.** Capilary hemangioma – Forearm.

**Figure 8.** Capilary hemangioma – Posterior neck.

*4.4.2. Mongolian spots (Africans, Americans, Asians)*

#### *4.4.1.1. Management*

Capillary hemangiomas are prone to irritation and ulceration. Each lesion must be evaluated individually, and the practitioner may opt to treat it selecting an alternative therapeutic route.

**Figure 7.** Bilateral macrotia with abnormal shape of the auricle.

**Figure 8.** Capilary hemangioma – Posterior neck.

• Variant of De Lange type 2 syndrome [44]: characterized by macrotia associated with severe microcephaly, mild mental retardation, muscular hypotonia and dysmorphic faces (flat profile, mild ptosis, short nose with a large tip and anteverted nares, narrow mouth, retrognathism).

Otoplasty can improve the shape, position and proportion of the ear. It is a reconstructive

It is a congenital vascular abnormality which consists of an agglomeration of neo-formation capillary vessels, manifested in the form of variable reddish-purple patches (**Figures 8** and **9**). These patches are mainly located on the face, neck and lips, but they can appear on any area

Capillary hemangiomas occur only in the layers of the skin, and they do not develop in depth. They generally appear within a few weeks after birth, but they may appear in infants too and most frequently disappear spontaneously in 1–2 years. A special form of this anomaly is the 'birthmark', the clinical form that appears on the nape or covers a portion of the face and has

Capillary hemangiomas are prone to irritation and ulceration. Each lesion must be evaluated individually, and the practitioner may opt to treat it selecting an alternative therapeutic route.

surgery procedure that attempts to harmonize the ratio between ear and face.

of the body. They are diagnosed by clinical inspection.

**Figure 7.** Bilateral macrotia with abnormal shape of the auricle.

*4.3.3.1. Management*

**4.4. Minor skin anomalies**

518 Congenital Anomalies - From the Embryo to the Neonate

*4.4.1. Capillary hemangioma*

a violet color [45, 46].

*4.4.1.1. Management*

The treatment can be surgical and dermatological-medical and may consist of the surgical excision of hemangiomas, laser pulses, cryosurgery and systemic administration of glucocorticoids. Oral propranolol may be administered in order to reduce the size of hemangiomas may be a therapeutic option [47].
