**Preface XI**


Preface

This book deals with the topics related to uranium through seven chapters, with the first five chapters covering the entirety and the formation of uranium and its composition in the raw materials and methods of mining and extraction and separation by different techniques such as solvent extraction, ion exchanges, precipitation, or membrane contactor. It also deals with the safety of nuclear reactors and fuel, as well as the uses of plutonium and uranium enrichment units and its physical and chemical properties. Chapters 6 and 7 deal with the calculations of electrochemical and thermodynamic properties of La, Nd, and U and the fac‐ tors of separation of uranium from the fission products as well as calculations of the thermo‐ dynamics of uranium in the soil environment. This book contains must-read materials for students, engineers, chemists, physicists, and researchers working in the area of safety, mon‐ itoring, resources, mining, and recovery of uranium, in addition to thermodynamic calcula‐ tion. This book provides valuable insights into the related safety of nuclear reactor and breeding, utilization of plutonium, uranium-enriched plants, energy security of uranium re‐ sources, geochemistry of uranium rocks, physical and chemical properties of UF6, recovery of uranium by different techniques, thermodynamics and separation factor of uranium from fission products, uranium hydrolyses, uranium adsorption, complexation of uranium, and

**Nasser S. Awwad, PhD**

King Khalid University Faculty of Science Chemistry Department

Saudi Arabia

Professor of Inorganic and Radiochemistry

chemical thermodynamics of uranium in the soil environment.
