**5. Energy security**

**LWR LWR HTGR HTGR**

Uranium purchase 0.29 0.51 0.29 0.50 Conversion 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Enrichment 0.44 0.44 0.55 0.55 Fabrication 0.25 0.25 0.45 0.45 Storage 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 Reprocessing 0.45 0.45 0.34 0.34 Waste disposal 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.18 Total 1.71 1.93 1.85 2.06

32 Uranium - Safety, Resources, Separation and Thermodynamic Calculation

The electricity generation costs are listed in **Table 4**. The cheaper option is the once-through option of LWR. The cost of the second scheme of plutonium burning with MOX, where the FR is ignorable, is also cheap. Plutonium utilization in thermal reactor is not problematic from the viewpoint of electricity generation cost. The seventh scheme of multi-recycling by FBR shows the highest cost. That is increased by approximately 40% compared with the cost of LWR. The cost increase is mainly caused by fuel fabrication and reprocessing including MA.

**Fuel cycle scheme 1 2 3 4 5 6 7** Electricity generation cost (cents/kWh) 3.80 4.07 4.24 5.35 4.94 4.42 5.69

**HTGR LF = 80%**

Capital cost 1.91 1.91 1.63 1.63 1.44 1.44 Operation cost 2.38 2.37 1.63 1.63 1.38 1.38 Fuel cost 1.71 1.93 1.85 2.06 1.85 2.06 Social cost 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.19 1.19 Total cost 7.34 7.55 6.43 6.64 5.86 6.07

**HTGR LF = 80%**

**(SU\*\*) (SU) (SU)**

**HTGR LF = 90%** **HTGR LF = 90%**

\*SU stands for seawater uranium.

**LWR LF\*=80%**

**Table 3.** Electricity generation cost (cents/kWh).

**Table 4.** Electricity generation cost for each fuel cycle scheme.

**LWR LF =80%**

**Table 2.** Fuel cost (cents/kWh).

\*LF stands for load factor. \*\*SU stands for seawater uranium. **(S U\*) (S U)**
