**Meet the editor**

Philip Fafowora Builders obtained his Bachelor of Pharmacy degree from the University of Jos in 1991, and Master of Pharmacy and Doctor of Philosophy (Pharmaceutics) degrees from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, in 1997 and 2008, respectively. He works as a research fellow in the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, Abuja, Ni-

geria, and also as an associate professor in the Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Nigeria. He has published several research and review articles as well as book chapters. His research interests include biopolymers for drug delivery, dosage form design of conventional and herbal medicines, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, and stability and quality assessment of herbal medicines and conventional drugs.

Contents

**Preface VII**

Philip F. Builders

**Sunscreen 43**

**in Africa 63**

Chapter 1 **Introductory Chapter: Introduction to Herbal Medicine 1**

**Pharmacological Actions of Medicinal Plants 11**

Piergiacomo Buso, Matteo Radice, Anna Baldisserotto, Stefano

Merlin L.K. Mensah, Gustav Komlaga, Arnold D. Forkuo, Caleb

Chapter 2 **Plants Secondary Metabolites: The Key Drivers of the**

Rehab A. Hussein and Amira A. El-Anssary

Chapter 3 **Ergastic Crystal Studies for Raw Drug Analysis 31** Thara K. Simon and Justin R. Nayagam

Chapter 4 **Guidelines for the Development of Herbal-Based**

Chapter 5 **Toxicity and Safety Implications of Herbal Medicines Used**

Chapter 6 **Application of Herbal Medicine as Proliferation and**

Chapter 7 **Herbal Medicine Use during Pregnancy: Benefits and**

**Untoward Effects 103**

Tariku Laelago

Firempong, Alexander K. Anning and Rita A. Dickson

**Differentiation Effectors of Human Stem Cells 87** Preethi Vidya Udagama and Vindya Udalamaththa

Manfredini and Silvia Vertuani
