**6. Conclusions**

For an industrial country like the Czech Republic, Digital Technologies and the Fourth Industrial Revolution represent an opportunity and should be taken as an advantage for the next development. The Czech Republic ranks 18th in DESI 2017. Compared to last year, the country progressed in Digital Public Services and remained stable in human capital but worsened its ranking in other dimensions. The country performs best in integration of digital technologies by businesses, mostly because many SMEs embraced e-commerce. The country's most significant challenge in digitalization is to improve the use of Internet services, in particular for e-government and entertainment and social purposes.

Overall, however, the Czech Republic is at the start of the road to Industry 4.0. As was demonstrated, since 2015, the FIR has become more significant and was also reflected in crucial strategic documents from the Ministry of Industry and Trade and Alliance Society 4.0 for spreading policy practices supporting operational Programs. It can be argued that the debate about Industry 4.0 brought a new stimulus in the spreading and usage of new technologies in society. But there are two levels of view—many companies in the manufacturing, financing, and service sectors see great potential, but there is currently a still significant "hesitation" of companies (e.g., SMEs) with Industry 4.0.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution also brings some problems, such as shortage of skilled workers. Companies call for the reform of the education system. Many Czech companies already use and fulfill some of the elements of the Industry 4.0 concept. In addition to companies in the automotive industry (as top leaders in technological and digitalization in the country), we mention, for example, the electrotechnical, pharmaceutical, or chemical-technological industries. Technology development and robotization of human activities are progressively reflected in other sectors. While it was initially primarily the replacement of gross manual work, robotization is currently taking place in other segments, such as replacing work with accounting software solutions. In summary, a trio of German companies in the Czech Republic is leading the way with the 4.0 revolution. They are Volkswagen-owned Škoda Auto, Continental, and Siemens.

In this chapter, we have explored that the Czech Republic comprised in the moderate enabling group and is in a position of catch-up and convergence. The Czech Republic performs well in the dimension of ICT start-ups. The success lies in the country's extensive access to IT skills obtained through formal education or offered by inwork ICT skills training. Czech businesses benefit from active participation in online trade. Moreover, a significant share of enterprises' total turnover derived from e-commerce contribute to a stable position of the Czech Republic in the area of e-commerce among the EU member states.

We considered some of the basis of the low performance in the area of entrepreneurial culture derives from a negative image of entrepreneurship in the Czech Republic. Recent data show a preference toward employment rather than self-employment. Also, the majority of the population has a low interest in setting up a business or taking over an existing one. Overall, the country tends to have a negative perception of entrepreneurship. The demand for digital skills also provides an opportunity for further enhancement, particularly regarding the demand for ICT skilled personnel.
