**Meet the editor**

Raheela Mohsin Rizvi is a consultant urogynecologist and has a deep interest in pelvic reconstructive surgery at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. She had her clinical fellowship in urogynecology at the University of Sydney, Australia. Currently, she is a residency program director of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of fellowship in urogynecology and pelvic reconstructive surgery at the

Aga Khan University, Pakistan. She has been awarded a certificate of appreciation in recognition of her contribution to the ICS-IUGA Terminology for Female Pelvic Fistulae SSCWG18. She is an editorial board member of five journals and a reviewer of more than 20 indexed journals. She has contributed three chapters related to urogynecology in addition to more than 50 papers in indexed peer-reviewed journals, including the first prevalence study of urinary and fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in rural Pakistan, which was published in BJOG in 2013.

Contents

**Preface VII**

Raheela M. Rizvi

Lubna Razzak

Chapter 1 **Introductory Chapter: Pelvic Floor Disorders 1**

Chapter 2 **Pathophysiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse 5**

**Designing the Ideal Material 35**

Nidhi Sharma and Sudakshina Chakrabarti

Chapter 5 **Recurrent Pelvic Organ Prolapse 57**

Chapter 3 **Effects of Posture and Gravity on Pelvic Organ Prolapse 19** Marwa Abdulaziz, Lynn Stothers and Andrew Macnab

Chapter 4 **Synthetic Materials Used in the Surgical Treatment of Pelvic**

**Organ Prolapse: Problems of Currently Used Material and**

Naşide Mangir, Christopher R. Chapple and Sheila MacNeil
