**Meet the editor**

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lionginas Liudvinavičius received qualification of Electrics Engineer in Kaunas University Technology and studied in St. Petersburg Railway Institute (1970-1975). Received Ph.D. degree of Technical Sciences at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU) in 2012 and title of Association Professor in 2016. Currently he is working at Department of Railway Transport of

VGTU. From 1975 to 2000 he worked as head of various departments of Lithuanian Railways. Transport Minister awarded him "Honored Railwayman Name" (1998) and the second grade awards for contribution to Lithuanian Railways (2010). He is reviewer for IEEE journals. He has authored/ coauthored many papers in journals, conference proceedings and he is coauthor of study manuals. His research interests are Railway Electrification, Electric Traction, Modern Electric Drive parameters automatic control, Locomotive Traction Converters, Electrical Machinery, Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Use Electrodynamic Braking, Hybrids vehicles, Energy Saving and Storage Systems using Supercapacitors.

Contents

**Preface VII**

**Low-Voltage System 1**

Wan and Anas Syed

Jeeyoung Yoo

**Electrolytes 51**

Chapter 1 **Supercapacitor-Based Hybrid Energy Harvesting for**

Chapter 2 **Ionic Liquid for High Voltage Supercapacitor 23**

Rajendran Ramachandran and Fei Wang

Steven M. Lombardo and Jonathan Phillips

**Study and Numerical Modeling 87**

Chapter 6 **Direct Laser Writing of Supercapacitors 103**

Chapter 8 **Classical Density Functional Theory Insights for**

**Interface Engineering 117** Yaqun Wang and Guoxin Zhang

**Supercapacitors 137** Cheng Lian and Honglai Liu

Litty V. Thekkekara

Chapter 5 **Enhancing Pseudocapacitive Process for Energy Storage**

Fenghua Guo, Nivedita Gupta and Xiaowei Teng

Chapter 7 **Toward High-Voltage/Energy Symmetric Supercapacitors via**

Chapter 3 **Electrochemical Capacitor Performance: Influence of Aqueous**

Chapter 4 **Performance of Aqueous Ion Solution/Tube-Super Dielectric**

MD Shahrukh Adnan Khan, Rajprasad Kumar Rajkumar, Wong Yee

**Material-Based Capacitors as a Function of Discharge Time 69**

**Devices: Analyzing the Charge Transport Using Electro-kinetic**
