**1. Introduction**

In most parts of Central Tunisia, and particularly in Haffouz and BouHafna regions, groundwater has played a fundamental role in shaping the social and economic development.

Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons

Due to rapid demographic growth and agricultural progress, exploitation of groundwater has increased dramatically to provide drinking water to rural community, support irrigation, and maintain ecosystems. During the past 30 years, the exponential increase in water abstraction from Haffouz and BouHafna aquifers has caused ground water depletion, a term often defined as long-term water-level declines, and an increase in salinity of groundwater pumped from wells situated mainly downstream. On the other hand, recent changes in agricultural land use and irrigation may result in groundwater contamination throughout agricultural fertilizers and pesticides applied to fields. Therefore, information about irrigation groundwater quality is critical to the understanding of necessary management changes for long-term productivity [1]. Proper assessment of groundwater sustainability requires understanding and quantification of human effects on water resources using analysis, application of management practices, and revision.

Within this framework, a combined hydrogeological and hydro-chemical data were examined, using statistical methods, to determine (i) natural and anthropogenic processes that control the groundwater mineralization; (ii) the origin of different water bodies and their sources of recharge; and (iii) to assess the suitability of groundwater for agricultural purposes.
