**Monotherapy AED Two AEDs Three and more AEDs**

Fig. 2. Antiepileptic therapy in group of epileptic patients.

Fig. 3. Antiepileptic monotherapy in group of epileptic seuzures.

Daytime Sleepiness and Changes of Sleep in Patients with Epilepsy 37

(Kirkwood, 2003; Dušek, 2009). As the non-parametric statistical methods we used the Kruskal - Wallis H test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. (Gibbons and Subhabrata, 2003)

Mean value of ESS in the group of patients with epilepsy was 7,11 ± 4,54, in control group 5,53 ± 2,15. Both mean values were in physiological range (under 9). Through that mean value of ESS was higher in group with epilepsy and the difference against control group was significant on p< 0,05 confirmed by all three used stastistical methods (see figure 4, table 3, 4). This result is assesed as significant tendency to daytime sleepiness in patients

Fig. 4. Values of score Epworth Scale of Sleepiness (ESS) in the control group (0) and in the group of patients with epilepsy (1). The difference is statistically significant (p<0,05).

**Epilep.** 100 7,11 4,54 0 21 6,0 0,001938 Table 3. Values of score ESS and statistical parameters in cotrol group and group of patients

 **t-test Kruskal-Wallis Kolmogorov-Smirnov** 

p **0,00261226\* 0,047123469\* 0,000152915\*** 

Table 4. Statistical comparison of values ESS by Students t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test a

**value** 

80 5,53 2,15 1 9 5,5 0,003488

**Max** 

**value Median Lilliefors** 

**test (p)** 

**nubmer Mean value SD Min** 

Kolmogorov-Smirnovov test. All result are statistically significant.

**5. Results** 

with epilepsy.

**ESS control group** 

**ESS** 

with epilepsy.

**5.1 Changes in daytime sleepiness** 


Table 1. Combinations of two AEDs used in the group of patients with epilepsy.

Combination of three and more AEDs was used by 11 patients. Most commonly used combination of AEDs was carbamazepine/ valproate/lamotrigine, which used 7 pacientov, next combinations see in table 2.


Table 2. Combinations of three and more AEDs used in the group of patients with epilepsy.

The relation of seizures and sleep or waking state was examined in all patients suffering from epilepsy. On this basis, patients were divided into two groups. The first group of 17 patients had seizures between 10.00 p.m. and 7.00 a.m. which means during sleep or on awakening. The second group of 83 patients had predominantly or exclusively seizures related to waking hours.

### **3.4 Characteristics of the control group**

Control group was composed by 80 healthy persons without anamnesis of epilepsy. They were admitted to the I. Neurology Clinic of Comenius University Hospital in Bratislava for low back pain and in time of evaluation were without pain, which could interfere with sleep. The group consisted of 45 women and 35 men with everage age 38,75 ±14,32 year, including 17 - 78 years.
