Preface

**Section 4 Drug Resistance and Potential Treatments 119**

**Phenotype 121**

**Leukemia 147**

Mehrnoush Aeinfar

Chie Onishi

**VI** Contents

Chapter 8 **Molecular Interaction Between the Microenvironment and FLT3/ITD+ AML Cells Leading to the Refractory**

Chapter 9 **Role of Genetic Analysis in New Treatments of Acute Myeloid**

Chapter 10 **High Doses of Vitamin C and Leukemia: In Vitro Update 155**

Francesco Lo Coco, Nèlida Noguera and Ugo Testa

Mehrdad Payandeh, Masoud Sadeghi, Edris Sadeghi and

Domenico Mastrangelo, Lauretta Massai, Giuseppe Fioritoni,

Seiji Fukuda, Tomohiro Hirade, Mariko Abe, Takeshi Taketani and

Myeloid leukemia is a multifaceted disease, regrouping a variety of myeloid disorders. Re‐ cently, important progress has been made in both its diagnosis and treatment. However, some forms are curable and others are treatable but rarely curable. New therapeutic per‐ spectives are now considered for patients.

The aim of our book is to cover key aspects of myeloid leukemia, including its diagnosis and current treatments and the challenges ahead. To apprehend this complex disease, critical molecular and cellular mechanisms including the role of the tumor microenvironment are highlighted. Important molecular targets are described and new therapeutic considerations are discussed:


The publication of this book was made possible by coordinated efforts and collaborations from many experts in the field. We thank all the contributors for their valuable work and their tremendous efforts.

We are confident that this book will provide valuable insights into myeloid leukemia at dif‐ ferent levels. In the meantime, we trust it will bring answers and hope for health care pro‐ viders, patients, and their families.

> **Ahmed Lasfar** Member of New Jersey Cancer Institute Principal investigator and Faculty member Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University Piscataway, New Jersey, United States

**Section 1**

**Myeloid Leukemia: Multifaceted Disease**

**Myeloid Leukemia: Multifaceted Disease**

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Introductory Chapter: Myeloid Leukemia**

**Introductory Chapter: Myeloid Leukemia**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.73858

Myeloid leukemia regroups a variety of myeloid disorders. Some are more frequent and well characterized such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, other clonal myeloid disorders, designed myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), are still subjected to diagnosis and therapeutic challenges. MDS/MPN might possess both dysplastic and proliferative features and cannot simply be listed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myeloproliferative disorder (CMPD) categories. Currently, three distinct groups are well classified: chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML). An additional group called myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm-unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-UC) has also been included. Apparently, MDS/MPN-UC shows both MDS and CMPD characteristics but differs at some extent from the other three MDS/MPN groups. MDS/MPN implicates defects in the modulation of myeloid pathways leading to cell survival and proliferation. However, the etiology of the

In this introductory chapter, we have succinctly described each of the myeloid disorders and

AML is a complex malignancy characterized by a high heterogeneity of aberrant myeloid precursors. In addition to family history of hematologic disorders and exposure to environmental factors, aging increases the incidence of AML. Although AML arises from transformed hematopoietic stem cells, the etiology of this form of leukemia remains mostly

provided some highlights on diagnosis and available therapies.

**2. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)**

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Ahmed LasfarAdditional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73858

Ahmed Lasfar

**1. Introduction**

defects remains elusive.

#### **Introductory Chapter: Myeloid Leukemia Introductory Chapter: Myeloid Leukemia**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.73858
