3. Class II mutations

In addition to class I mutations, in AML patients, mutations in brain and acute leukemia gene (BAAL), MLL-MLLT3 gene fusion created by the t(9;11)(p22;q23) translocation is associated with intermediate prognosis in AML, nucleoplasmin 1(NPM1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPα), and Wilms tumor gene (WT-1) have also been detected. Lately, mutations in DNMT3A, encode DNA methyltransferases that catalyze the addition of a methyl group to the cytosine residue of CpG dinucleotides, have been recognized in one-third of de novo AML patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Genomes with DNMT3A mutations commonly harbored extra mutations in NPM1, IDH1, and FLT3. The incidence of any DNMT3A mutation, alone or in combination with FLT3 ITD mutation, is related with lower overall survival (OS) [12, 13].
