**1. Introduction**

#### **1.1. History of management functions and information system components**

The function of management as a systematic step continues to grow since long time, and it began from

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

• POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling);

becomes,

• POACD (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling, Directing);

becomes,

• POACE (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling, Evaluating);

becomes,

• POACEI (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling, Evaluating, Innovation).

It provides a systematic, important step forward in order to implement practical management activities. Thus, running the management becomes easy using the systematic step.

In addition to management functions, there are also elements of management, which continues to grow as well, namely

• 5 M (Man, Money, Method, Material, Market);

becomes,

• 5 M + T (Man, Money, Method, Material, Market, Technology);

becomes,

• 5 M + T + I (Man, Money, Method, Material, Market, Technology, Information). This information is originally only data that are processed, as a material to perform step activities.

Today's complex organizational activities, and the changing times and rapid and sophisticated technologies are due to


Moreover, in relation to a system of information that develops extraordinarily and is moving in disruption [1], it requires a past, present, and future study, in order to make adequate anticipation to avoid the agitation and destruction of the information system and at the same time the destruction of its organization.

The latest development of the management function and components of information systems requires integrated effort, due to resource constraints and the need to achieve effectiveness and efficiency significantly; then, the integration needs to explain the relationship between the management function with the components of information systems so that there is a clear integration. Based on the above, the aims of Management Functions of Information System Components as an Integration Model [2] are (1) to explain Management Functions, Goals and Benefits related to Information System Components; and (2) to explain integration process of Management Functions with Information System Components to get goals and benefits from integrated model.

There is a need to clarify the linkage between the management function and the information system components so as to illustrate linkages [3], as well as the linkages that can be measured in terms of the linkage having loads [4] which can be taken into account either qualitatively or quantitatively; then, the linkage is an integration that can easily be done both in terms of component and overall. With the three things: clarity, measurable linkages, and easy to implement, there is evidence of the need for integration, if not the two namely management functions and components information systems where efforts and goals run individually and as a whole which will not achieve the goal. Thus, the integration between the management function and the components of the information system will help achieve an integrated relationship so that it will achieve the goal more easily.

#### **1.2. Management function**

• POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling);

• POACD (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling, Directing);

• POACE (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling, Evaluating);

• POACEI (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling, Evaluating, Innovation).

activities. Thus, running the management becomes easy using the systematic step.

It provides a systematic, important step forward in order to implement practical management

In addition to management functions, there are also elements of management, which contin-

• 5 M + T + I (Man, Money, Method, Material, Market, Technology, Information). This information is originally only data that are processed, as a material to perform step activities. Today's complex organizational activities, and the changing times and rapid and sophisti-

**3.** the increasing demands and expectations of the community with the support of technology.

Moreover, in relation to a system of information that develops extraordinarily and is moving in disruption [1], it requires a past, present, and future study, in order to make adequate anticipation to avoid the agitation and destruction of the information system and at the same

The latest development of the management function and components of information systems requires integrated effort, due to resource constraints and the need to achieve effectiveness and efficiency significantly; then, the integration needs to explain the relationship between the management function with the components of information systems so that there is a clear integration. Based on the above, the aims of Management Functions of Information System Components as an Integration Model [2] are (1) to explain Management Functions, Goals and Benefits related to Information System Components; and (2) to explain integration process of Management Functions with Information System Components to get goals and benefits from integrated model.

becomes,

4 Management of Information Systems

becomes,

becomes,

becomes,

becomes,

ues to grow as well, namely

cated technologies are due to

• 5 M (Man, Money, Method, Material, Market);

**1.** increasingly difficult and expensive resources;

time the destruction of its organization.

**2.** an era of competition that demands quality service;

• 5 M + T (Man, Money, Method, Material, Market, Technology);

Management [5] in accordance with the classical definition is "coordination between various resources through the process of planning, organizing, there is control ability to achieve goals." While the important goal of management is to achieve effectiveness and efficiency, the achievement of this goal is an important characteristic of management [6]. The latest definition according to the recent times is strategic thinking to gain a competitive advantage [7]. Various experts put forward various management functions which include the following:


The Management Functions shown in **Table 1** is the recurring cycle, meaning that after the evaluation is done, it will be an input for the next planning. When described with the latest view today, which is related to the development of communication and information technology, there is a new function called INNOVATING [10]; without any innovation, then the company will be left behind and sooner or later will die by itself. Based on this reason, the current POACEI management function is described in **Figure 1** as a cycle.

#### **1.3. Information system component**

In general, information systems-related subsystems include the following [11]:


A complete picture about the interrelation of subsystem can be shown in **Figure 2** [12].

Feedback is a description showing the return or continuous return of information to data back, by a controlled process or not. Thus, a system that is a unity of various subsystems in order to produce information is called information systems. In this case, as the goal is to achieve greater benefits of existing data, it is important to note the existence of components, interconnected to achieve certain goals. Information systems will run when there are components that support, move, and sustain the system. The information system is an intangible concept, tangible is its supporting components, visible, and can be measured. Information System Component [13] is important such as hardware, software, and network. After expanded of explanation, so components become as below (**Table 2**).


**Table 1.** Management functions explanation.

**Figure 1.** POACEI cycle.

Management Functions of Information System Components as an Integration Model http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79295 7

**Figure 2.** Information system.

A complete picture about the interrelation of subsystem can be shown in **Figure 2** [12].

explanation, so components become as below (**Table 2**).

situations that occur.

O Organizing Organize for each activity and resources to be organized as needed.

A Actuating Carry out activities with full responsibility and continue to adjust to the plans and

C Controlling Controlling for implementation to fit the plan and lead to the achievement of goals.

E Evaluating Assess whether the plan works well and the goals can be achieved, if there are deviations, why and how to resolve and how to avoid recurrence.

**Code Function Explanation**

6 Management of Information Systems

**Table 1.** Management functions explanation.

**Figure 1.** POACEI cycle.

P Planning Plan activities for the future.

Feedback is a description showing the return or continuous return of information to data back, by a controlled process or not. Thus, a system that is a unity of various subsystems in order to produce information is called information systems. In this case, as the goal is to achieve greater benefits of existing data, it is important to note the existence of components, interconnected to achieve certain goals. Information systems will run when there are components that support, move, and sustain the system. The information system is an intangible concept, tangible is its supporting components, visible, and can be measured. Information System Component [13] is important such as hardware, software, and network. After expanded of


**Table 2.** Information system component.
