**Author details**

as shown in **Figure 2**. On the other hand, on the submandibular glands, 89 Hz vibrotactile stimuli with one motor were shown *to result in* the more effective salivation in all the glands. The findings suggest the 89 Hz vibrotactile stimuli with one motor may be the most effective salivation, and glands stimulated by vibrotactile stimuli have the tendency *for* the most effective salivation. Namely, on the parotid gland and on the submandibular gland vibrotactile stimuli shows the submandibular and sublingual gland, the place of stimulating

*Burdette and Gale studied the effects of treatments in* myofascial pain dysfunction patients [5]. Furthermore, Vrjama and Vanharantra [6] reported that discographically painful discs always produced painless feeling in the vibration examination. These facts assume that peripheral stimuli provided by vibration arrive at the central nerve (in the spinal cord and brain stem) and that these effects were exercised by the depressant effect in the cerebral cortex depending on the somatosensory information. Namely, we think that the vibration stimuli may promote the parasympathetic effects by the inhibition of sympathetic effects elicited by the pain, and so on. On the other hand, we know that the production of salivation only induces the parasympathetic effects. Furthermore, the production of salivation will be at a specific frequency and amplitude. This phenomenon may be directly produced by the vibrotactile stimulation of 89 Hz with one motor on the parotid and submandibular glands. On the other hand, we *examined t*he physiological characteristics of the adaptation to the vibrotactile stimulation, whether *it caused decreased salivation or not*. *A continuous examination was performed for 4 or 5 days on* 26 normal subjects [8]. Since patients with the *decreased* salivation (hyposalivation) are not exclusively happy in every day of their daily life, we conducted the experiment to realistically approximate the natural conditions. *We did not show decreased adaptation* depending on the continuous using of this apparatus, as shown in **Figure 4**. The result suggests that 89 Hz vibrotactile stimulation of the facial skin on the masseter belly may be appropriate for patients with the *decreased* salivation. Furthermore, we imagined mechanism of salivary production following facial vibration in **Figure 8**. Facial vibration directly activates the poor salivation of grands and then it indirectly parasympathetic nerve via hypothalamus.

The authors are grateful to Professor C.S. Langham for carefully reading and editing the manuscript. This work was supported by Sato and Sogoshigaku research grant of Nihon University School of Dentistry, by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (21592539) and by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology to promote

portions may be the body of the mandible.

114 Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment

**Acknowledgements**

multidisciplinary research projects.

Obey neuroscience society.

**Appendices and nomenclatures**

Koichiro Ueda<sup>1</sup> , Kanako Gora<sup>1</sup> , Masaru Yamaoka2 , Takako Sato3 , Kimiko Abe<sup>1</sup> , Enri Nakayama<sup>1</sup> , Mituyasu Sato<sup>1</sup> , Yumiko Tunoda<sup>4</sup> , Sumiko Akatuka<sup>4</sup> , Sayaka Fukui<sup>4</sup> , Akinari Hayashi<sup>1</sup> , Teruyuki Hirai<sup>1</sup> , Sayako Ohnishi<sup>1</sup> , Mayumi Hayata<sup>1</sup> and Hisao Hiraba<sup>1</sup> \*

\*Address all correspondence to: hiraba.hisao@nihon-u.ac.jp

1 Department of Dysphasia Rehabilitation, Nihon University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan

2 Department of Basic Science, Nihon University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan

3 Department of Oral Surgery, Nihon University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan

4 Department of Dental Hospital at Surugadai, Nihon University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
