Preface

Chapter 8 **Autoantibodies in Silicosis Patients: Silica-Induced Dysregulation of Autoimmunity 135**

Yasumitsu Nishimura and Takemi Otsuki

**Cytokines in Pregnancy 147**

**VI** Contents

Chapter 9 **Indicators of Preeclampsia in Correlation with Maternal**

**Section 4 Autoantibodies Based Biomarker and their Assay 157**

Chapter 10 **Autoantibody-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers: Technological Approaches to Discovery and Validation 159**

Farhanah Aziz, Muneera Smith and Jonathan M Blackburn

**(ECL) Assay for Screening Pre-Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple**

Chapter 11 **Development of a Simple Multiplex Electrochemiluminescence**

Zhiyuan Zhao, Yong Gu, Jeremy Cheng and Liping Yu

**Relevant Autoimmune Diseases 189**

Suni Lee, Hiroaki Hayashi, Naoko Kumaga-Takei, Hidenori Mastzaki, Kei Yoshitome, Nagisa Sada, Masayasu Kusaka, Kozo Uragami,

Ana Daneva Markova, Marija Hadzi-Lega, Goran Dimitrov, Gligor Tofovski, Jadranka Georgievska, Elena Dzikova and Ivo Kjaev

> This book comes out with the idea that there is no complete resource that can explain autoan‐ tibodies and cytokines at the same time. These two molecules of immune system protect from the foreign bodies and are mainly responsible for various immunological processes. These molecules can function normally to give us defense and protect from foreign body. Some‐ how, slight changes in the body might trigger these molecules to act on their own cell and consider them alien. This may trigger various immune responses and protective antibodies are now acted on normal cells and tissues and presented them as foreign. At this time, they are called as "autoantibodies" and they trigger series of reactions that might escape from normal body's security check up. Other molecules of the immune system like cytokines re‐ main helpless and they leave the idea that these autoantibodies are not doing anything wrong. As these molecules growing their function in negative prospective, so there might be a good chance to use them as diagnostic and prognostic marker for autoimmune diseases.

> The order of the topic for this book follows general trends of the book, starting from the basic followed by their role in different diseases and their assay. This book has four sections: "Autoantibodies", "Cytokines and Interferons", "Autoantibodies and cytokines in different diseases" and "Autoantibodies based biomarker and their assay". The first section of the book includes three chapters that discuss general about autoantibodies, their structure, physiology and function as key mediators for autoimmune infertility. The first introductory chapter explains general about autoantibodies and their subtypes. Second chapter deals with the structure, physiology and function of autoantibodies. The third chapter explains autoantibodies as key mediators for autoimmune infertility.

> Second section includes one chapter that explains the structures and functions of cytokines and interferon. In this section, chapter four deals with the function and types of cytokines and interferon.

> Third section of the book " Autoantibodies and cytokines in different diseases" deals with the role of autoantibodies and cytokines in various autoimmune diseases and related com‐ plications. This section starts with the role of autoantibodies in viral diseases, followed by their role in autoimmune diseases, primary Sjogreen's syndrome and silicosis. This section also explains preeclampsia in relation to the cytokines in pregnancy.

> Fourth section "Autoantibodies based biomarker and their assay" consists of two chapters that deal with the usage of autoantibodies as biomarker in disease staging, treatment motor‐ ing and contemporary technological approaches to autoantibodies biomarker discovery and

validity, and finally, their assays in autoimmune disease. Overall, this book is a collection of latest topic on autoantibodies and cytokines that guide those who seeks to improve their knowledge for this topic.

#### **Dr. Wahid Ali Khan**

**Autoantibodies**

**Section 1**

Assistant Professor Clinical Biochemistry College of Medicine King Khalid University Abha, KSA

**Section 1**
