**6. Conclusions**

male and female students, agreed that being poor and fat were the main reasons for being bullied. Male students who are physically weak and shorter girls were also perceived as the main reasons for being bullied. Students also perceived the bully as having a bad manner and

The mission of any bullying programs is to prevent bullying before it occurs. However, the research on preventing bullying is still emerging. In the light of increasing prevalence of bullying in schools, schools must improve school climate by emphasizing on strengthening the educational system to reduce the bullying [35]. The school climate is defined as the physical structure, social and emotional environment, including school safety measures, comfortable means, and harmonic relationships between students and school staff [10]. In this context, health and well-being of students should be a priority to the mission of public education.

A research review for bullying prevention programs suggested many practical strategies for

• School policies must emphasize on enhancing the social and emotional climate of the school by replacing detention with meditation and improving students mental resilience.

• Schools must put policies in place to help their students developmental resilience to communicate appropriately with each other and to develop effective coping skills and find the

• Promoting collaboration among different professionals and school staff (teachers, school administrators, school counselor, social workers), criminal justice practitioners, and researchers to identify the environmental, social and emotional factors that enhance bullying

• Implementing a comprehensive, evidence-based bullying prevention program is crucial to reduce and prevent bullying in schools. Use surveillance data, at all levels local, state, and

• Using positive behavioral support system and behavioral managed skills, in the classroom

• School policies should reflect a zero tolerance for weapons, discrimination, harassment,

• The anti-bullying policies should be implemented consistently to assure students safety in

• Developing and enforcing curriculum that is culturally responsive and sensitive to all students' diversities. Bullying definition, types of bullying, who get bullied, and strategies to

**5. School-based intervention to prevent and reduce bullying**

bullying prevention and reduction [1, 13, 14, 18, 21–23, 29, 35, 43–58]:

always making trouble in classrooms [38–40, 42].

52 Health and Academic Achievement

meaning of their lives.

reductions in the schools.

and gang activity.

all school locations.

national to identify school needs.

and in the school to identify cases of bullying.

stop bullying should be integrated into the curriculum.

Bullying in schools is a widespread problem around the world, and no community is immune from this problem, despite the anti-bullying initiatives that implemented almost everywhere. Research on bullying has provided rigger evidence about the nature of bullying, the factors contributing to bullying, the characteristics of a bully and the victim, the physical, social, mental and academic consequences of bullying. Research also suggested many practical strategies that help in preventing and reducing the incidence of bullying in schools. Effective prevention bullying programs must define bullying in a clear way to the community and include as its core team, students, school staff, parents and other community members. In order to have a safe environment for students to learn, and to grow up, students must learn how to communicate with each other, resolve conflicts effectively, and learn how to be empathetic to others.
