Preface

Patients submitted to plastic and reconstructive surgery make up a diverse group of people (healthy or with added pathologies) that seek to improve their body image with the ultimate goal of being more competitive in their family, school, work, and social environment. Anes‐ thetizing these people – healthy or not – has become a challenge with many unresolved top‐ ics and controversies. Advances in perioperative medicine, especially in anesthesiology, have made it possible to overcome some of these challenges.

In this book, authors from different countries discuss selected topics on anesthesia and plas‐ tic and reconstructive surgery. Although some opinions seem to be opposing, all the knowl‐ edge is oriented to the safe management of each patient. Preoperative assessment, perioperative monitoring, anesthetic management techniques, complications, post-operative care, and analgesia are some of the topics included in this book.

As the editor, I want to thank each of the authors who contributed to this book and invite colleagues who for various reasons did not finish their manuscripts so that together we can prepare a second project with topics of interest in this field of anesthesiology. It is also right to thank the thousands of patients with whom I have had the fortune to work, as well as distinguished Mexican plastic surgeons, especially Dr. Jaime Campos-León for his confi‐ dence and unconditional support of my research and practice in anesthesia for plastic sur‐ gery. Finally, it is my pleasure to thank my family for their love and patience, so that I can take part of their valuable time and write down my professional experiences.

> **Víctor M. Whizar-Lugo MD** Lotus MedGroup Intensive Care Unit Hospital General de Tijuana, ISESALUD Tijuana BC, México

**Chapter 1**

Provisional chapter

**Anesthesia for Plastic Surgery Procedures**

Anesthesia for Plastic Surgery Procedures

Víctor M. Whizar-Lugo and Ana C. Cárdenas-Maytorena

Plastic surgery is currently more popular and available with increasing frequency throughout the world. Its advances are related to progress in anesthesiology. Nowadays, it is possible to operate patients with pathologies that previously did not allow this type of surgery. The developments in perioperative monitoring, pharmacology, prevention of complications, and the wide communication between patients and physicians, as well as the development of surgical units that facilitate a prompt programming and reduce the total costs, have resulted in a logarithmic growth of plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures. Local, regional, or general anesthesia, anesthetic monitoring, or conscious sedation is used routinely, allowing to manage patients as ambulatory or short stay. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism remain the most frequent complications, followed by postoperative

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81284

The current demand for plastic surgery procedures has had a logarithmic growth. The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reported that in 2016 in the USA 17.1 million surgical and nonsurgical cosmetic procedures were performed, a figure that indicates a 132% increase since 2000. These procedures represented an expenditure of approximately 16.4 billion US dollars, where breast augmentation is the most popular surgery and the application of Botox is the most performed nonsurgical procedure [1]. Other interesting aspects that have grown around plastic surgery are ambulatory surgery units, short-stay units, and procedures performed in plastic surgeons' medical offices. It is important that anesthesiological care does not decline when surgery is performed in this type of facility and the media and plastic

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Víctor M. Whizar-Lugo and Ana C. Cárdenas-Maytorena

Abstract

1. Introduction

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81284

pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Keywords: plastic surgery, anesthesia

#### **Chapter 1** Provisional chapter
