**5. Findings**

#### **5.1. Advantages of being a woman in the city**

Findings as regards advantages of being a woman in the city are given in **Table 2**.

As can be seen in **Table 2**, most participants stated about the advantages of being a woman in the city that urban safety and freedom are important for women.

*"Living in Famagusta is a feature because everybody knows and helps each other" (C, B, K,). "I can reach everywhere in the town easily, for example hospital, market and school are not distant from each other" (B). "I can say that historical pattern and cultural features of the city are the largest impacts for* 

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Urban facilities and optimal city plan were cited as important advantages of the city by two interviewees. In addition, one participant each stated climate-geographical features, social and cultural activities of the town, climate-geographical features and lack of economic

*"It is a nice thing that women can do any job they want and get equal pay with men, in fact, lack of* 

As can be seen in **Table 3**, as regards the disadvantages of being a woman in the city, inter-

*"The town has several deficiencies in terms of social services; only care for the elderly is not enough; there are women, young people, children and most importantly disabled people; municipality has to be* 

*"Family counselling centres must be established at once under the auspices of municipality; divorce rate are on increase; at the same time lack of such a centre where we can apply in case of a problem or to* 

*"There is no place to leave our children for a couple of hours; an agreement can be made with pre-school* 

*"When we go to a government office we are always seeing men; it looks like there are no woman managers* 

*"There is no place where women can perform their social activities and read their books at the same* 

Lack of support by municipalities for women and the need for a commission are topics

*"Commissions which will support women must be established under the auspices of municipality as they will be more scientific and qualified. Such activities should not be left to associations; I think that associations are being used as political tools and many people are abstaining from going to such associations" (R).*

Marginalization of women in government and politics was mentioned by 8 interviewees: *"I am totally disturbed by the fact that they look and see woman as different, not as a woman" (D)".*

Findings as regards disadvantages of being a woman in the city are given in **Table 3**.

*a leader and cooperate with civil society organizations and make centres operable" (N, B).*

*solve issues related to our children and families is important for mental health"(H, L).*

Lack of meeting places specific for women were mentioned by 6 interviewees:

*time, I do not want to share the same place with university students" (A, B).*

*a person to feel comfortable, belonging and happy in a city" (L, R).*

embargo on women as advantages.

**5.2. Disadvantages of being a woman in town**

viewees put most emphasis on insufficient social services:

*department students at university and offered to us"(P).*

*"We want equal say and representation in politics" (G, J, K).*

*which is not nice at all" (C and P).*

emphasized by 5 interviewees:

*economic embargo" (M).*

*"Being a safe town makes child raising easier and people can give support and assistance to each other" (H).*

*"People make free decisions and are respectful to the feelings and opinions of their addressees" (A and N).*

*In addition, according to H, "the town is very reliable, as a woman I can leave home at every hour and I can say that no one is looking hostilely". In addition, we can say that easy transport and feeling safe are among the blessing of the city"(R).*

Eight of the participants asserted that they saw an advantage in the town being a port city:

*"Famagusta is also a coastal town; having a sea makes this city more liveable for us and it protects its feature as a strategic town in tourism, which is very important for me (A).""University town, having a commercial port, existence of job opportunities to men and women alike, without any gender discrimination, are important for me" (D).*

Four participants emphasized the historical features of the city whereas such features as social relations, transportation, being a university town and education center were cited as advantages by three interviewees:


**Table 2.** Advantages of being a woman in the city.

*"Living in Famagusta is a feature because everybody knows and helps each other" (C, B, K,). "I can reach everywhere in the town easily, for example hospital, market and school are not distant from each other" (B). "I can say that historical pattern and cultural features of the city are the largest impacts for a person to feel comfortable, belonging and happy in a city" (L, R).*

Urban facilities and optimal city plan were cited as important advantages of the city by two interviewees. In addition, one participant each stated climate-geographical features, social and cultural activities of the town, climate-geographical features and lack of economic embargo on women as advantages.

*"It is a nice thing that women can do any job they want and get equal pay with men, in fact, lack of economic embargo" (M).*

#### **5.2. Disadvantages of being a woman in town**

**5. Findings**

**5.1. Advantages of being a woman in the city**

222 Open and Equal Access for Learning in School Management

*are among the blessing of the city"(R).*

*nation, are important for me" (D).*

tages by three interviewees:

**Advantages of being a woman in the city**

**Table 2.** Advantages of being a woman in the city.

Findings as regards advantages of being a woman in the city are given in **Table 2**.

the city that urban safety and freedom are important for women.

As can be seen in **Table 2**, most participants stated about the advantages of being a woman in

*"Being a safe town makes child raising easier and people can give support and assistance to each other" (H). "People make free decisions and are respectful to the feelings and opinions of their addressees" (A and N). In addition, according to H, "the town is very reliable, as a woman I can leave home at every hour and I can say that no one is looking hostilely". In addition, we can say that easy transport and feeling safe* 

Eight of the participants asserted that they saw an advantage in the town being a port city:

*"Famagusta is also a coastal town; having a sea makes this city more liveable for us and it protects its feature as a strategic town in tourism, which is very important for me (A).""University town, having a commercial port, existence of job opportunities to men and women alike, without any gender discrimi-*

Four participants emphasized the historical features of the city whereas such features as social relations, transportation, being a university town and education center were cited as advan-

> Urban facilities (2) Social relations (3) Transportation (3)

Urban safety and freedom (12)

City respectful toward woman (1) Historical features of the city (4)

Social and cultural activities of the city (1)

University city and education center (3) Lack of economic embargo on women (1)

Climate-geographic features (1)

Optimal Kent (Plan) (2)

Port city (8)

Findings as regards disadvantages of being a woman in the city are given in **Table 3**.

As can be seen in **Table 3**, as regards the disadvantages of being a woman in the city, interviewees put most emphasis on insufficient social services:

*"The town has several deficiencies in terms of social services; only care for the elderly is not enough; there are women, young people, children and most importantly disabled people; municipality has to be a leader and cooperate with civil society organizations and make centres operable" (N, B).*

*"Family counselling centres must be established at once under the auspices of municipality; divorce rate are on increase; at the same time lack of such a centre where we can apply in case of a problem or to solve issues related to our children and families is important for mental health"(H, L).*

*"There is no place to leave our children for a couple of hours; an agreement can be made with pre-school department students at university and offered to us"(P).*

Marginalization of women in government and politics was mentioned by 8 interviewees:

*"I am totally disturbed by the fact that they look and see woman as different, not as a woman" (D)".*

*"When we go to a government office we are always seeing men; it looks like there are no woman managers which is not nice at all" (C and P).*

*"We want equal say and representation in politics" (G, J, K).*

Lack of meeting places specific for women were mentioned by 6 interviewees:

*"There is no place where women can perform their social activities and read their books at the same time, I do not want to share the same place with university students" (A, B).*

Lack of support by municipalities for women and the need for a commission are topics emphasized by 5 interviewees:

*"Commissions which will support women must be established under the auspices of municipality as they will be more scientific and qualified. Such activities should not be left to associations; I think that associations are being used as political tools and many people are abstaining from going to such associations" (R).*


*"The town has a very important problem which is visual environmental pollution; for this reason it has no historical pattern, its climate is not good, its coast is not good and its geographical features are not* 

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One interviewee each stated discrimination in the city, gender discrimination in decisionmaking mechanisms, discrimination in legislation, low population, traffic density, city being

*"There is not enough parking space, people are parking their cars on street which lead to traffic jams;* 

*"Lack of sufficient water and provision of water in certain intervals is a serious challenge for housekeep-*

*"Low population is an important factor in terms of cultural solidarity and cultural sustainability; I* 

*"Our town is a seaside town but we do not have sufficient facilities for using the coast and seeing our* 

Findings on the expectations of women in town from local government are given in **Table 4**. As can be seen in **Table 4**, the requests mentioned by interviewees as regards expectations of women in town from local government are as given above each of which were emphasized

*"We do not have a cultural museum; I think that this is a serious deficiency; cooperation is needed with* 

*"when we look at municipal workers I can say that there are few female workers; I feel that there is discrimination in this area; especially in cleaning works because I can say that by their nature women* 

*"Important in terms of female solidarity; many women are victims of violence; women shelter has to be opened at once and cooperate with municipality social services and offer its services"* 

*"Occupational courses and skills courses for our women have to be increased and improved, which will* 

*"Registrar of the wedding must be chosen not by court but by municipality under which woman should* 

*"Assigning a quota for women at local government is important in terms of representation of women" (L).*

*favourable; we cannot accept these in terms of tourism"(F and J).*

*"There is gender discrimination not only in government but also in traffic"(B).*

*"In politics only the woman branches of parties exploit and use us, we do not want this"(R). "Legislation is not supportive and protective of women; I think there are deficiencies (N)."*

approached to the sea and water as disadvantages:

*roads are full of cars and we cannot cross the streets" (C).*

**5.3. Expectations of women in town from local government**

once. Opinions as regards these expectations are as follows:

*make positive economic contribution to the house of the woman" (Ö).*

"*Our water is not healthy I want usable water"(F).*

*cultural office of local government" (K).*

*are better in these works" (K).*

*(O).*

*exist as well" (Ö).*

*ing and makes us nervous" (D).*

*think this deserves emphasis" (I).*

*sea, which makes me very sad"(G).*

**Table 3.** Disadvantages of being a woman in the city.

*"Municipalities do not give sufficient support to women" (C).*

Three interviewees stated gender awareness and lack of education as disadvantages:

*"That gender awareness is not promoted by a scientific agency in the city through education is one of the most important disadvantages; everyone is trying to do something haphazardly, which is wrong and unacceptable (O)".*

Issues such as environmental pollution, insufficient cultural activities and urban safety-theftdeterrence were mentioned by two participants each:

*"I feel insecure when I go to Suriçi at night; it is too dark, there have to be lights in terms of safety, I feel fear, it is like an abandoned place" (R and A).*

*"Being a university town and home to several cultures is not a good thing; I think that it is the reason of thefts and many other crimes" (Ç and E).*

*"The town has a very important problem which is visual environmental pollution; for this reason it has no historical pattern, its climate is not good, its coast is not good and its geographical features are not favourable; we cannot accept these in terms of tourism"(F and J).*

One interviewee each stated discrimination in the city, gender discrimination in decisionmaking mechanisms, discrimination in legislation, low population, traffic density, city being approached to the sea and water as disadvantages:

*"There is gender discrimination not only in government but also in traffic"(B).*

*"In politics only the woman branches of parties exploit and use us, we do not want this"(R).*

*"Legislation is not supportive and protective of women; I think there are deficiencies (N)."*

*"There is not enough parking space, people are parking their cars on street which lead to traffic jams; roads are full of cars and we cannot cross the streets" (C).*

*"Lack of sufficient water and provision of water in certain intervals is a serious challenge for housekeeping and makes us nervous" (D).*

*"Low population is an important factor in terms of cultural solidarity and cultural sustainability; I think this deserves emphasis" (I).*

*"Our town is a seaside town but we do not have sufficient facilities for using the coast and seeing our sea, which makes me very sad"(G).*

#### **5.3. Expectations of women in town from local government**

Findings on the expectations of women in town from local government are given in **Table 4**.

As can be seen in **Table 4**, the requests mentioned by interviewees as regards expectations of women in town from local government are as given above each of which were emphasized once. Opinions as regards these expectations are as follows:

"*Our water is not healthy I want usable water"(F).*

*"Municipalities do not give sufficient support to women" (C).*

deterrence were mentioned by two participants each:

*fear, it is like an abandoned place" (R and A).*

**Table 3.** Disadvantages of being a woman in the city.

**Disadvantages of being a woman in the city**

224 Open and Equal Access for Learning in School Management

*of thefts and many other crimes" (Ç and E).*

*and unacceptable (O)".*

Three interviewees stated gender awareness and lack of education as disadvantages:

*"That gender awareness is not promoted by a scientific agency in the city through education is one of the most important disadvantages; everyone is trying to do something haphazardly, which is wrong* 

Water (1)

Discrimination in town (1)

Being viewed as a sexual object

Meeting places specific for women (6) Gender discrimination in traffic (1)

Marginalization of women in government and politics (8)

University town-problem of different cultures (4)

Social pressure (1)

Urban transport (12) Heavy traffic (1)

Low population (1)

Low population (1)

Cultural activities (2)

Cultural sustainability (1)

Town being approached to the sea (1)

Environmental cleanliness (2)

Urban safety-theft-deterrence (2) Insufficient social services (12)

Groupings among women (2)

Discrimination in legislation

Gender awareness-deficient education (3)

Municipalities not supporting women (commission) (5)

Issues such as environmental pollution, insufficient cultural activities and urban safety-theft-

*"I feel insecure when I go to Suriçi at night; it is too dark, there have to be lights in terms of safety, I feel* 

*"Being a university town and home to several cultures is not a good thing; I think that it is the reason* 

*"We do not have a cultural museum; I think that this is a serious deficiency; cooperation is needed with cultural office of local government" (K).*

*"when we look at municipal workers I can say that there are few female workers; I feel that there is discrimination in this area; especially in cleaning works because I can say that by their nature women are better in these works" (K).*

*"Important in terms of female solidarity; many women are victims of violence; women shelter has to be opened at once and cooperate with municipality social services and offer its services" (O).*

*"Occupational courses and skills courses for our women have to be increased and improved, which will make positive economic contribution to the house of the woman" (Ö).*

*"Registrar of the wedding must be chosen not by court but by municipality under which woman should exist as well" (Ö).*

*"Assigning a quota for women at local government is important in terms of representation of women" (L).*


*"It is a serious deficiency that there is not an activity centre in every region, activity hours are different* 

Educator (11) Grandma (1) Housewife (1) Labourer (1) Entrepreneur (1) Political (1)

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The Role of Women in City: The Importance of Psychology and Educational Administration

Volunteer employee (1)

As can be seen in **Table 5**, 11 interviewees defined themselves as "*educators*" as regards self-

One interviewee each mentioned such roles as grandma, laborer, entrepreneur, political, and

"I used to be a working mom; now I am taking care of my grandchild so they know me as a

"I work on a volunteer basis in civil society organizations and everyone likes me for that" (K).

• The first rank as regards advantages of being a woman in town is occupied by defining the

• It is said that being a port city is essential; in that, it has a commercial network and employ-

Findings as regards self-perceived role of women living in town are given in **Table 5**.

"I am so happy that I spent my labour for years to educate the next generations" (D).

"I am appreciated to have been a good housewife for my entire life" (B).

"I think that my role in politics plays a critical role in my popularity" (L).

In the light of the obtained findings, the conclusions are summarized.

ment opportunities which are good for economy (38.09%).

"I am a good entrepreneur and I am appreciated with this aspect of mine"(J).

*from each other and no education is provided" (J).*

**Table 5.** Self-perceived role of woman living in town.

**Self-perceived role of woman living in town**

perceived role of woman living in town:

**6. Conclusions and recommendations**

town as a reliable and free town (57.14%).

Advantages of being a woman in town are as follows:

volunteer employee:

grandma, not mother" (A).

**5.4. Self-perceived role of women living in town**

"Everyone knows and likes me as a teacher" (B, K and M).

**Table 4.** Expectations of women in town from local government.

*"Scientific surveys under the municipality can be made in cooperation with the university and municipality can lead these efforts to create a database of the city" (N).*

*"There is no place where products of female labour will be sold; woman markets must be established and controlled by the municipality, which will be fair in terms of price policies and controlling" (C).*

*"Our women must receive foreign language education, especially English and Greek, so that they can socialise with their neighbours and tourists" (I).*

*"It is a critical deficiency that our city lack a sufficient and usable library" (K).*

*"Foundation of knowledge centres and creating of knowledge buses, home visits are important in terms of political, educative, socio-economic and demographic structure of the town" (R).*

*"I want social activity centres and places where we can have nice conversations with our family members and friends, perform activities, and do sports and walks" (P).*


**Table 5.** Self-perceived role of woman living in town.

*"It is a serious deficiency that there is not an activity centre in every region, activity hours are different from each other and no education is provided" (J).*

#### **5.4. Self-perceived role of women living in town**

Findings as regards self-perceived role of women living in town are given in **Table 5**.

As can be seen in **Table 5**, 11 interviewees defined themselves as "*educators*" as regards selfperceived role of woman living in town:

"Everyone knows and likes me as a teacher" (B, K and M).

"I am so happy that I spent my labour for years to educate the next generations" (D).

One interviewee each mentioned such roles as grandma, laborer, entrepreneur, political, and volunteer employee:

"I used to be a working mom; now I am taking care of my grandchild so they know me as a grandma, not mother" (A).

"I am appreciated to have been a good housewife for my entire life" (B).

"I am a good entrepreneur and I am appreciated with this aspect of mine"(J).

"I work on a volunteer basis in civil society organizations and everyone likes me for that" (K).

"I think that my role in politics plays a critical role in my popularity" (L).
