6. Research methodology

by two factors: "perceived usefulness" (the extent an individual believes a new tools or technology will impact toward his or her performance) and 'perceived ease to use' (the extent an individual (students) believes that new concept will be effort-less to use) [38, 39]. Student's adoption of culture-oriented e-learning system can take a long time toward decolonisation of education system in the developing countries, but it's achievable. However, according to [40], technology adoption requires mental reengineering over some period of time. TAM supports user's perception/s on technology tools or invention/s, and challenges (realities) defines percep-

(Realities) Solution/s Implementation

Perception/s and implementation/s resolves around challenges (dotted line) (see Figure 1).

Based on this theory in the chapter, the student's acceptance of culture-oriented e-learning system depends on their perception on the usefulness to academic advancement or performance and ease to use. In order to determine the students perception/s, the researchers tries to understand the challenges the current e-learning is facing. Through the understanding of the

What are the students' perceptions of culture-oriented e-learning system? (this question aimed

What are the challenges facing the current e-learning system? (the design, implementation and usage of e-learning are confronted with different kinds of challenges, perceptions and issues which result in an ineffective optimization of e-learning potential benefits. This question seeks

How can culture-orientated e-learning system be implemented to serve learners? (the alignment of e-learning with culture remains challenging. This question seeks to understand from

This study is centred on investigation of student's perceptions of culture-oriented e-learning system because learners' cultural environment impacts on their e-learning values, perception and

tion. While solution(s) determines implementation (see Figure 1).

Perception Challenge(s)

Figure 1. Culture-oriented e-learning system perception principle.

150 Open and Equal Access for Learning in School Management

challenges, then effective implementation of e-learning system can be done.

to understand how student feel on culture-oriented e-learning system)

learners how their cultures can be represented in the e-learning)

to understand the real challenges students face in using the e-learning system)

Figure 1 guided this study in general.

4. The research questions

5. The research objectives

Research design covers the procedures and processes to carry out research with focus on collecting relevant data to answer research questions [41]. According to [42], methodology is the plan, layout and strategy that connects research methods. Research methodology is divided into parts, quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods [43, 44]. A quantitative research deals with numeric data, qualitative research focuses on tests, audios and videos, while mixed research is the combination of both into one study [44, 36]. A mixed research method is used when data from a single method is insufficient in the study and to ensure quality study [44]. The selection of any methodology purely depends on the researcher's knowledge, the kind of the study under investigation, the population sample and others. As a matter of fact, this study deployed quantitative method because numeric data involving questionnaire were used in the study.

In order to accomplish the research objectives and answer the questions, steps were taken beginning with the determination of the population sample of North-West University students. Through the sampling, the actual participants were determined and selected. Sampling influences any research outcome [45]. The population sample of this study comprises students at the North-West University, South Africa, who use e-learning platform (eFundi) in their daily studies in all academic related work. The University have a population of 73,414 students in 2016 academic year. According to [46], a population sample of n = 75, 0000 is equivalent to 382 sample size. Nonetheless, this study exceed the sample size that resulted to 728 participants, because a printed and online questionnaire were circulated and participants participated in their numbers willingly. The institution was also selected based on the cultural and societal background of the students across the university, who use eFundi as a learning portal.

As earlier noted, the researcher collected 728 completed questionnaires using online survey platform (surveymonkey.com) and printed copies (soft-copy) to gather their insight into culture-oriented e-learning system. At the end, Statistical Analysis System (SAS version 9.3) and Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) were used to analyse the collected data into meaningful information.
