**8. Parameterized cost**

• System function: to provide thermal comfort for five spaces of a ton of refrigeration each one. • Functional unit: the total amount of refrigeration produced throughout the useful life of

During this phase, data are compiled for the inventory of the system at issue. For this analysis, the life cycle inventory (LCI) of the ACASS system is obtained from primary sources. The information was directly quantified on site, and some data are obtained from suppliers, some assumptions have also been made in the absence of some data, such as the type of transport used. For the LCI of the CAC system, the material content and percentages have been taken from the literature [57], suited to the requirements of the analysis. For the use stage, the equipment maintenance, part replacement, and electrical energy consumption are taken into consideration.

LCA software is used at this phase for assessing the environmental impact of the systems. In this case, SimaProTM PhD 8.3.0.3 is used for the case study. The assessment method considered in this analysis is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 GWP 100 years, which only includes the impact category of global warming potential (GWP).

A summary of the results and the corresponding discussion are carried out, and the final conclusions and recommendations are produced according to the results. In **Figure 8**, the

system, during the analyzed life cycle stages. In addition, employing the ACASS system also contributes to mitigate the environmental impacts due to the use of renewable solar

e emissions of 77.34% compared with the CAC

eq emissions at each life cycle stage for both

100.00

**CAC LCA {Mx}**

e emissions for the ACASS system compared against the CAS system at the stages of

**IPCC GWP 100a**

the system.

60 Sustainable Air Conditioning Systems

*7.3.2. Phase 2: life cycle inventory analysis*

*7.3.4. Phase 4: interpretation*

*7.3.3. Phase 3: life cycle environmental impact assessment*

ACASS system presents a reduction in CO2

energy. **Figure 9** shows the percentage of CO2

**Figure 8.** Total percentage of CO2

construction and operation.

%

**ACASS LCA {Mx}**

29.01

Energy devices are expensive caused for the bin number of small parts to become a single product. In the air-conditioning systems, the parts for a roof device are based on three sections: solar concentrators, thermodynamic cycle part, and auxiliary system part.

Population in general has no money for investment for the energy consumption for the next 20 years to pay now. Then financial is the key for the installation for renewable energy systems.

A first approach to the cost of the entire air-conditioning system is based on the area of solar incident energy. The buildings have large area, but only the roof is useful for installation, but the thermal gain from wall and window is bigger than the size the roof solar-collected energy.

The heat exchanger areas are not the same for copper, aluminum or stainless steel because the thermal conductivity is quite different: copper is 386 W/mK, aluminum is 204 W/mK, and SS is 45 W/mK. This means that the thermal conductivity of the stainless steel is nine times lower

Design and Construction for Hydroxides Based Air Conditioning System with Solar Collectors…

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72188

63

Therefore, the four heat exchanger for the thermodynamic cycle must be costly, compared with a conventional compression air-conditioning, about 4.5 times the cost, based on the ther-

The auxiliary systems are the installation and control between the solar concentrator and the thermodynamic cycle. The cost is based on the electronic device to control the pump as function of temperature, solar irradiation, and the instantaneous load into the building. The design is not commercial today, but it is not expensive because the energy for the operation has shown consumption about 1% of the total system by connection with inversed devices and solid-state circuits. The controller must be designed for the power of the pumps, those

Electronic devices are really cheap based on Arduino © experiences, and these represent no more than 300 USD, and installation by a professional technician must be considered and the time for the installation by several hours may be expensive, as function of the building location, security conditions, roof access facilities. Then, in agree with the local cost by specialist cost hour, the auxiliary system may represent even a 30% of the installation device

Finally, the total cost must be under a projected value for the lifetime of the roof air-conditioning system. This means that the cost must be compared with a cost for the actual technology and the total cost, for example, a storage tank of 243 L used by day into the roof air-condition-

In the near future, the air-conditioning must be by solar, from the roof energy from thermal,

into the thermodynamic cycle and a circulator in the solar concentrator on the roof.

than the copper.

**8.3. Auxiliary systems**

cost.

mal conductivity and the cost today.

ing system by the next 12 years [59] (**Figure 11**).

**Figure 11.** Total cost with actual technologies for air-conditioning [59].

photovoltaic, or a combination of those [60].

Then, the strategy for a quick viability evaluation is to evaluate the available solar roof in square meters and compare it with the value for required air-conditioning expressed in kW. If this value ratio is close to 1, then a detailed analysis for selection of the parts must be followed, if the value is lower than 0.5, then there is no opportunity for this roof technology because the solar loads and wall conduction are bigger than the total energy than a solar roof air conditional can exchange.
