**4. Conclusions**

In recent years, exclusive breastfeeding rates until the sixth month have improved because of policies and strategies for breastfeeding promotion. However, in different countries, multiple programs have been implemented to promote breastfeeding and counteract the lack of adherence observed in mothers for feeding their children exclusively with breast milk, as a result of factors such as the incorporation of women into work, multiple offers of milk formulas, and scarce training of health personnel to address the concerns of mothers. Although overall there is evidence of an increase in breastfeeding rates, there is wide variability between countries and even within the same country, noting that some of the data are far from the expected health goal. Therefore, it is essential to consider breastfeeding as a biological process that should be built socioculturally, where ideological, religious, cultural, and political convergences or divergences can be studied and interrelated. There is a need for integrated attention regarding the sociocultural context of the breastfeeding period, which should be broadened in order to support mothers and empower them to positively deal with adversity during this process. It is important to know what mothers think about breastfeeding in order to encourage the creation of practices to satisfactorily maintain this process as long as possible for both mothers and babies [25].
