**8. Future research areas on fungicides**

The effects of most fungicides and many other disinfectants on different stock plants and explants remain unanswered, especially for the strong fungicides or disinfectants used in decontaminating stock plants in the plant culture laboratories. To our knowledge there has been limited research in this area. Therefore, there is the need for more research studies in this area. For instance, the effects of the fungicide and disinfectant residuals on the growth and survival of plantlets in *in vivo* have not been thoroughly researched. Our experience has shown that the use of HgCl2 may require several rinsing of stock plants. This is to get rid of the residues and we hypothesize that the residues could have deleterious effects on explants and later on the plantlets.
