**Introduction**

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Introductory Chapter: An Outline of Carbon Dioxide**

**Introductory Chapter: An Outline of Carbon Dioxide** 

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

has a detrimental role in preventing the heat loss and protecting

) is a stable and relatively inert triatomic molecule that exists as a gas at

in the atmosphere was approximately 270 ppm by volume prior

carbon is bonded to each oxygen atom *via* a sigma and pi bond forming two C=O bonds. Each C=O bond has a length of 116.3 pm and 750 kJ.mol−1 bonding energy, considerably higher than the bonding energy of C=C, C–O, and C–H bonds [1]. Carbon dioxide is generated naturally from various sources such as forest fires, volcanic eruptions, and respiration of living organisms. The photosyntheses of plants and other autotrophs play an indispensable role in balancing the carbon/oxygen cycle and consequently in maintaining the earth life. The

to industrial revolution. Nowadays, the carbon dioxide level has reached up to 405 ppm,

consumption of fossil fuels and anthropogenic activity (power plants, oil refineries, cement, iron, and steel industries, biogas sweetening, and chemical industry and processing) in addi-

Pollution is regarded as the issue of our era, since dominant industries deem its control as an expense that overwhelms the domains that are beneficial to the advances of science. Finding alternatives to indispensable fields such as providing energy, food, drugs, and dyes for medicinal probes, among others, seems to conflict the innovative progress reported every day in academia and industry. The greenhouse effect is one of the utmost contemporary issues in this regard. Carbon dioxide is currently the most abundant greenhouse gas (GHG). Greenhouse gases such as ozone, nitrous oxide, methane, chlorofluoro-

molecule exhibits a linear structure in which the

emissions stems from the large

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79461

**Chemistry, Uses and Technology**

**Chemistry, Uses and Technology**

Janah Shaya, Hassan Srour and Iyad Karamé

Janah Shaya, Hassan Srour and Iyad Karamé

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79461

ambient temperature and pressure. A CO2

approximately a 50% increase. This steady increase in CO2

tion to the wide deforestation for land usage [2].

**1. Introduction**

Carbon dioxide (CO2

global concentration of CO2

carbons (CFCs), and CO2

#### **Introductory Chapter: An Outline of Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Uses and Technology Introductory Chapter: An Outline of Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Uses and Technology**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79461

Janah Shaya, Hassan Srour and Iyad Karamé Janah Shaya, Hassan Srour and Iyad Karamé

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79461
