**5. Conclusions**

Chung and Chang (2016) combined BaZr0.05Ti0.05O3

**Figure 14.** Energy efficiencies achieved with various reactors [37].

in **Figure 13** [37]. Next, the selectivities of H<sup>2</sup>

96 Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery

**Figure 13.** (a) CO2

210 to 420 μm) and spark plasma reactor to form a hybrid system [37]. Results show that packing catalyst BZT into discharge region can increase electric field and current density,

sions can be enhanced since the energy and amount of free electrons are increased, as shown

terms of energy efficiency (moles of syngas generated per kilowatt-hour input), packing BZT into plasma reactor leads to higher energy consumption, thus, the energy efficiency achieved

indicating that more kinetic electrons are generated in hybrid reactor. CO2

and (b) CH4 conversions achieved with various reactors [37].

this can be attributed to the fact that catalyst provides formation site for H<sup>2</sup>

(BZT) catalyst (particle size ranging from

and CO are also increased after packing BZT, and

and CH4

conver-

and CO. Last, in

Catalysis and nonthermal plasma are two efficient approaches to generate syngas from CO2 and CH4 . Catalytic conversion of CO2 and CH4 follows the mechanism of L-H mechanism and CO desorption is the rate-determining step. Coke formation via multiple routes is the most important obstacle to limit the application of catalytic reforming. On the other hand, nonthermal plasma provides an alternative reaction mechanism to convert CO2 and CH4 . During discharge, various active species can be generated to dissociate CO2 and CH4 , including free electron, radicals and vibrational excited species. However, the above phenomenon leads to byproducts formation that reduces syngas production rate. Combining catalyst and nonthermal plasma to form a hybrid system is a promising way to enhance converting efficiency of CO<sup>2</sup> and CH4 into syngas, since various interactions can be induced in the hybrid system. The form and the degree of interactions depend on properties of catalyst, nonthermal plasma and the way of combination. Hence, properties of catalyst and nonthermal plasma should be taken into account when designing a hybrid system. For catalyst, surface structure, band structure, thermal stability, catalytic activity and dielectric constant are important. In other words, temperature, electron density and energy are key factors to be considered. Even though detailed synergistic effects are unknown, the development of plasma catalysis system is optimistic for the future application on DRM.

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