4.2.5. Results and discussion

The hydrodynamic model has been calibrated using the 2011 discharge and WSE data set. The Manning roughness coefficient of the river reach was manually adjusted to calibrate the model using the RMSE (Eq. (23)). The optimum value of 0.035 of the coefficient led to the minimum RMSE.

The flow velocity and WSE obtained from the validated and calibrated model were then used to assess the habitat suitability of the SJR reach for the spring Chinook salmon. The detailed model calibration and engineering plan comparisons have been reported by Liu and Ramirez [28]. Due to the lack of observed water quality data, the developed water quality model was used to simulate a virtual scenario as follows: four chemical species, including NH3, NO3, Organic N, and Organic P, which are common in the SJR watershed, entered the SJR at the upstream entrance of the river reach (SDP). These contaminants transport to the downstream with water flow and also undergo their own deactivation. Figure 10 shows the concentrations change with time during a 110-day period. The SDP curve represents the upstream boundary condition. EBM and FFB are the middle station and downstream station, respectively. The modeling results indicate the similar transport patterns for all species with a time lag between the locations. Generally, it took about 20 days for a contaminant to transport from SDP to FFB for this case. Therefore, the model can also be used to effectively predict the downstream scenario once the upstream condition is known. Figure 11 shows a spatial distribution of various parameters at some time (the 50th Julian day of 2011 in this example).

5. Summary of hydrodynamic-water quality model applications

achieved and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the target water body.

nants, etc.) required for the model input, verification, and calibration.

7. Apply the model to simulate a real world scenario or solve a practical problem.

1. Determine the modeling domain and identify the boundaries.

3. Create the grid or mesh and define the boundary conditions.

6. Calibrate the model using the observed data.

used for inland surface water restoration and management.

Address all correspondence to: llubo@csufresno.edu

Journal of Environmental Management. 2018;209:273-285

summarized as follows:

5. Run the model.

Author details

University Fresno, USA

Lubo Liu

References

Based on the fundamental concepts, theories and principles, and the practical examples presented in the two case studies, the steps involved in developing and employing a hydrodynamic-water quality model to simulate or predict a surface water system can be

Application of a Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model for Inland Surface Water Systems

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74914

107

2. Develop an appropriate concept model. The dimensions, governing equations, and numerical methods (e.g., finite element method, FEM) are decided based on the goals to be

4. Collect data (bathymetry, flow rate, water surface elevation, concentrations of contami-

Based on aforementioned theory and principles, a stratified 3D model was used to investigate the circulation and E. coli transport in the nearshore region of Lake Michigan. The modeling results show that stratified phenomenon exists in the near region, and a 3D model is necessary. A 2D depth-averaged water quality model was developed to estimate the fate and transport of four contaminants in the San Joaquin River (SJR) of California. These models can be effectively

Department of Civil and Geomatics Engineering, Lyles College of Engineering, California State

[1] Stamou A, Polydera A, Papadonikolaki G, Martinez-Capel F, Munoz-Mas R, Papadaki C, Zogaris S, Bui MD, Rutschmann P, Dimitriou E. Determination of environmental flows in rivers using an integrated hydrological-hydrodynamic-habitat modelling approach.

Figure 10. Calculated concentrations of: (a) NH3-N, (b) NO3-N, (c) organic N, and (d) organic P.

Figure 11. Scheme of (a) Alt3 route of SJR, spatial distributions of (b) velocity vector of Alt 3 of SJR, concentrations (contours) of: (c) NH3-N, (d) NO3-N, (e) organic N, and (f) organic P at Julian day 50, 2011.
