Preface

**Section 4 Probiotics 113**

**VI** Contents

**Aquaculture 115**

**Section 5 Antimicrobal Resistance 133**

**Matrices 135**

Gati and Mihaela Niculae

Chapter 7 **Probiotic Bacteria as an Healthy Alternative for Fish**

Camila Sayes, Yanett Leyton and Carlos Riquelme

Chapter 8 **Heavy Metal Pollutome and Microbial Resistome Reciprocal Interaction and Its Impact on Human and Animal**

Marina Spînu, Anca Elena Gurzău, Carmen Dana Șandru, Gabriel

This book is about the most known term in medicine "antibiotics," which have lately often been characterized as a cause for "more bad than good" during treatment. In this book, we have tried to show both sides of the story—how good antibiotics can be when used properly and how bad they can turn out if they are misused.

The book *Antibiotic Use in Animals* has everything said in the title. But please do not think that this book is only meant for the veterinarians. It is intended to be used also by medical doctors, animal owners, consumers of food of animal origin, etc. The book has five sections: "Introduction," "Use of Antibiotics in Animals," "Antibiotics and Nutrition," "Probiotics," and "Antimicrobial Resistance." Each of the sections discusses about one side of the antibi‐ otic usage. Each group of authors has dedicated their work to one of the topics with key roles of antibiotics in the health of animals and public health in general.

The introduction section is about the current state of knowledge on antibiotics today. The section on "Use of Antibiotics in Animals" is about the choices we make and the alternatives we have, in order to control bacterial infections and diseases. This responsible use of antibi‐ otics in animals is important in companion animals as much as in food-producing animals. In the section "Antibiotics and Nutrition," the authors deal with potential danger from con‐ stant everyday intake of hidden antibiotics in our food. Probiotics are the opposite side of antibiotics that are also produced by bacteria, and in this chapter, their influence is shown. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the most intriguing topic at the moment among public health and One Health specialists. In the chapter dedicated to antimicrobial resistance it is shown how the resistance can be triggered or stimulated to appear.

This book is a work of scientists and researchers as a contribution to general knowledge and sophisticated expertise on the topic of antibiotic use. With this book, we hope to open new questions and deepen the research on roles of antibiotics in everyday life.

As the editor, I would like to dedicate this book to all my colleagues and researchers work‐ ing hard on protecting public health.

> **Sara Savić, PhD, DVM** Senior Research Associate Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad" Department for Serology, Immunology and Biochemistry Novi Sad, Serbia

**Section 1**
