**6. Potential limitations and implications for these types of diameter calculations**

Numerical changes were convincing, but not perfect. Studies were retrospective, comparatively small, and focused on an inadequate number of newborn cadavers. Sample availability was insufficient for both affected groups and controls. It should also be noted that studies were not planned to be an epidemiological study, and therefore, groups did not signify the characteristics of a wide-ranging population. Recognition of blood cells and fibrin on the endothelial surface are interpreted as pathological definitions. Conversely, there might be problems with the poor fixation of specimens, that is, blood could not be washed out from the arterial lumen before fixation procedure. Lastly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies can be associated with various kinds of artifacts. The authors then hope to approve their pathological findings using transmission electron microscopy in upcoming studies. Despite the above possible limitations, the current studies seem to establish a modest upper bound on the influence of local versus known or unknown systemic cardiovascular risk factors on wall setting. Thus, last results are parallel with the earlier ones to support theory that carotid bifurcation geometry (and/or local hemodynamics) is a risk factor for initial carotid wall solidifying.
