3.3. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on body weight of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

In diabetic rats, continuous reduction in body weight was observed as shown in Table 3. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) as well as the extract treatment groups at the dose of 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w showed improvement (P < 0.05) improvement in body weight of diabetic rats.


Where: (+) indicates present; () indicates not present

Table 1. Phytochemical composition of the crude extract of Corchorus olitorus.


Values are expressed as mean of six replicates SD and those with different superscripts down the column are statistically different (p < 0.05)

Table 2. Effect of ethanolic extract of Corchorus olitorus leaf on fasting blood glucose level (mmol/L) of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.


Figure 2. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorus on liver function marker enzymes of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Values are given as mean SD from six rats in each group. Bars not sharing a common superscript differ significantly

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Figure 3. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorus on some biochemical parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Values are given as mean SD from six rats in each group. Bars not sharing a common superscript differ significantly

at p < 0.05.

at p < 0.05.

Values are expressed as mean of six replicates SD and those with different superscripts down the column are statistically different (p < 0.05)

Table 3. Effect of Corchorus olitorus leaf extract on total body weight of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

## 3.4. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on liver function enzymes of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on liver function enzymes is represented in Figure 2. ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly elevated in alloxan induced diabetes. The rats treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the activity of liver and serum ALT, AST and ALP in the groups administered 800 mg/kg b.w and standard drug (Gilblenclamide) when compared with the control while there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in other treatment groups.

#### 3.5. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on some biochemical parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Figures 3 and 4 show the effect of administration of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, total protein, albumin and globulin in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The concentration of both total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin level in serum and liver was

Figure 2. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorus on liver function marker enzymes of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Values are given as mean SD from six rats in each group. Bars not sharing a common superscript differ significantly at p < 0.05.

3.4. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on liver function enzymes of

Table 3. Effect of Corchorus olitorus leaf extract on total body weight of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Treatment groups Fasting blood glucose level after diabetes induction

Control 5.13 0.60a 4.00 0.70a 4.38 0.20a 4.13 0.29<sup>a</sup> Diabetic rats + distilled water 17.03 1.70<sup>b</sup> 19.18 1.11<sup>b</sup> 18.83 1.25b 20.41 1.07b Diabetic rats + Gliblenclamide 21.68 1.93<sup>b</sup> 16.05 0.72<sup>b</sup> 12.10 0.29ab 5.80 0.35<sup>a</sup> Diabetic rats +200 mg/kg body weight of the extract 18.43 1.04<sup>b</sup> 14.58 0.55<sup>b</sup> 13.08 0.44ab 9.43 0.26ab Diabetic rats +400 mg/kg body weight of the extract 20.80 2.46<sup>b</sup> 13.63 0.21<sup>b</sup> 12.30 0.81ab 7.88 0.63ab Diabetic rats +800 mg/kg body weight of the extract 25.33 1.91<sup>b</sup> 22.95 1.41<sup>b</sup> 13.43 1.10ab 6.05 0.66<sup>a</sup>

Values are expressed as mean of six replicates SD and those with different superscripts down the column are statistically

Table 2. Effect of ethanolic extract of Corchorus olitorus leaf on fasting blood glucose level (mmol/L) of alloxan-induced

Treatment groups Initial body weight (g) Final body weight (g)

Control 136.25 10.33a 180.07 13.07<sup>b</sup> Diabetic rats + distilled water 172.67 5.10b 134.01 13.17<sup>a</sup> Diabetic rats + Gliblenclamide 153.33 1.55ab 184.22 8.46b Diabetic rats +200 mg/kg body weight of the extract 157.25 3.07ab 164.08 10.56ab Diabetic rats +400 mg/kg body weight of the extract 175.67 14.06b 183.19 14.79<sup>b</sup> Diabetic rats +800 mg/kg body weight of the extract 141.42 4.47ab 172.69 10.70<sup>b</sup>

Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 Day 14

The effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on liver function enzymes is represented in Figure 2. ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly elevated in alloxan induced diabetes. The rats treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the activity of liver and serum ALT, AST and ALP in the groups administered 800 mg/kg b.w and standard drug (Gilblenclamide) when compared with the control while there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in other treatment groups.

Values are expressed as mean of six replicates SD and those with different superscripts down the column are

3.5. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on some biochemical parameters

Figures 3 and 4 show the effect of administration of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, total protein, albumin and globulin in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The concentration of both total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin level in serum and liver was

alloxan-induced diabetic rats

statistically different (p < 0.05)

different (p < 0.05)

62 Diabetes Food Plan

diabetic rats.

of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Figure 3. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorus on some biochemical parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Values are given as mean SD from six rats in each group. Bars not sharing a common superscript differ significantly at p < 0.05.

Figure 4. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorus on serum and liver protein of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Values are given as mean SD from six rats in each group. Bars not sharing a common superscript differ significantly at p < 0.05.

increased significantly (P < 0.05) in diabetic untreated group compared to the control but was reduced upon administration of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius for 14 days.

Figure 5. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorus on kidney function indices of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Values are given as mean SD from six rats in each group. Bars not sharing a common superscript differ significantly at

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Figure 6. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Corchorus olitorus on lipid profile of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Values are given as mean SD from six rats in each group. Bars not sharing a common superscript differ significantly at p < 0.05

p < 0.05.

(Duncan's multiple range test).

The diabetic untreated rats group had decreased levels of serum and liver total protein, albumin and globulin when compared with normal control rats. After treatment for 14 days, liver and serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels were restored to normalcy especially in the groups treated with 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract and reference drug (gliblenclamide).
