Preface

**Section 2 Diabetes and Oxidative Stress 91**

Chapter 7 **Savior of Diabetes: Antioxidants 107** Zar Chi Thent and Azian Abd Latiff

and Cristina Campoy

Chapter 10 **Exercise and Diabetes Mellitus 167** Asmare Yitayeh Gelaw

**Mellitus 145**

Valdebenito

**Diabetes 93**

**VI** Contents

Chapter 6 **Trace Elements Modulates Oxidative Stress in Type 2**

**Section 3 Updates and Novel Approaches of Combating Diabetes 119**

Estefanía Diéguez Castillo, Ana Nieto-Ruíz, Mireia Escudero-Marín

Chapter 8 **Influence of Glycaemic Control on Cognitive Function in Diabetic Children and Adolescents 121**

Chapter 9 **Medical Nutrition Therapy for Special Groups with Diabetes**

Chapter 11 **New Insights into Alleviating Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Gut Microbiota and a Nutrigenomic Approach 183**

> Lissé Angarita Dávila, Valmore Bermúdez Pirela, Nadia Reyna Villasmil, Silvana Cisternas León, Waldo Díaz-Vásquez, Ma Cristina Escobar, Paula Carrasco, Samuel Durán, Kristian Buhring, Rodrigo Buhring, Constanza Bugman, Virginia Céspedes, Marcell Gatica, Diana Rojas-Gómez, Marion Guerrero Wyss and Francisco

Muhammed Kizilgul, Meltem Mermer and Bekir Ucan

Ines Gouaref and Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir

Diabetes is a disease that has caused immense economic burden across both the developed and developing countries as a whole. There is no permanent cure in sight, and the preva‐ lence of the disease appears to be increasing beyond control. Novel means of control have been recommended from time to time, but the measures seem to fail with new forms and figures of the disease surfacing just as frequently. Dietary control appears to be the more effective means nevertheless, although a multitude of other factors have been highlighted through research as being the causes.

This book primarily focuses on three aspects: (1) dietary interventions for diabetes, (2) dia‐ betes and oxidative stress, and (3) updates and novel approaches of combating diabetes. There have been many publications that have appeared recently on diabetes and dietary in‐ terventions. However, it is hoped that this book serves as an update in highlighting gaps and voids as well as providing insights into novel developments of the disease.

I would like to extend my most sincere gratitude to the authors who have kindly contribut‐ ed chapters to this book, without whom this project would not have been a success. Also, my heartfelt thanks go to IntechOpen Publishing with whom I have been working for quite a number of book projects of similar nature. Last but not least, my appreciation goes to Ms. Kristina Kardum, the Publishing Process Manager assigned to this book, who has rendered her utmost support in putting the material together.

In conclusion, it is hoped that this book will be of value to both scientific and nonscientific communities in making informed choices about diabetes and possible dietary interventions in preventing its occurrence.

> **Dr. Viduranga Waisundara** Department of Food Technology Faculty of Technology Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Mihintale, Sri Lanka

**Section 1**

**Dietary Interventions for Diabetes**

**Dietary Interventions for Diabetes**

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Introductory Chapter: The Need for Dietary**

regimental level, such as diet, exercise, and even environmental changes.

along with the improvements in aerobic fitness and dietary intake.

**Introductory Chapter: The Need for Dietary** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72897

Noncommunicable diseases pose a significant challenge to most of the high-income and lowincome countries, with growing numbers of people experiencing the health and economic burden of one or more chronic disease conditions. As such, the incidence of diabetes has been on the rise worldwide. The disease may be associated with the poor quality of life and the risk of developing long-term comorbidities and a higher standard rate of mortality. Healthcare professionals are burdened with the task of motivating patients to follow appropriate dietary and exercise guidelines as well as to take insulin injections to improve the regulation of diabetes, and thereby prevent the occurrence of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications. At present, various interventions are being discussed on an authoritative and

The more frequently discussed intervention of all is dietary change. Food habits have been shown to be related to the development and management of diabetes—both types 1 and 2, especially through means of influencing glycemic control and insulin resistance. Dietary patterns, rather than individual nutrients, such as the Mediterranean diet, Western diets, and traditional diets, have recently received a great deal of attention in assessing the association between diet and health. In general, to improve glycemic control, a diet rich in fiber and low in saturated fat, sugar, and salt is recommended. Based on considerable medical literature and clinical practice, it has actually been shown that the prognosis of individuals with type 2 diabetes, in particular, is improved with better diet and resulting weight loss. For instance, according to the systematic review by Aguiar et al. [1], it was found that interventions of multicomponent lifestyle involving diet, aerobic exercise, and resistant training were sufficient in inducing modest weight losses and imparting minor improvements in glycemic control,

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Interventions for Diabetes**

**Interventions for Diabetes**

Viduranga Yashasvi Waisundara

Viduranga Yashasvi Waisundara

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72897

**1. Introduction**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
