**11. Conclusions**

The morbidity and mortality of heat-related illnesses would expand in the years to come worldwide because of the rapidly aging population and global warming. The decreased thermoregulatory capacity in type 2 diabetes is associated with the presence of neuropathies, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, central mechanisms, and so on, while it would be improved with aerobic fitness with exercise training as in healthy counterparts. Thermoregulatory adaptations after exercise training are enhanced with PV expansion with a dietary supplementation conjunction with exercise in healthy individuals. Further researches are necessary to elucidate the effective strategy to improve thermoregulatory capacity as well as glycemic control in type 2 diabetes with or without complications with exercise training.
