**10. Education to the patient and training of educators**

Structured education is an integral part of diabetes care [39]. Lifestyle management is a fundamental aspect of diabetes care and includes diabetes self-management education, diabetes self-management support, nutrition therapy, physical activity, smoking cessation counseling and psychosocial care [25]. Nurses and other healthcare professionals requires adequate training and certification to work in the health system to fill the gap between medical professionals and patients and thus between the available scientific knowledge and effective application by the patients [50].

**Public health perspectives:** For the training in the management and education of people with diabetes, the nurses and other healthcare professionals (with minimum of 2 years of professional practice experience) should have at least 1000 hours of practice experience in diabetes self-management education along with various educational activities [54]. In the non-industrialized countries, it may thus entail 1 year of working under the supervision of physicians (as a sort of residential training) in the daily diabetes and other outdoor and indoor services providing care and education to the patients fulfilling the other training requirements (like logbook recordings of case history records, procedure and academic activities, assignments and assessments) [50, 55]. To incorporate such trained personnel in the local health system, the terminology of certification of such training should match with the nomenclatures of other existing healthcare workers and with the various intervention programs being planned and/or implemented [55].
