Preface

Chapter 8 **Diabetes and Cancer: Is there a Link? 119**

Chapter 9 **Molecular Signal Integration of Aging and Diabetes**

Chapter 10 **Economic Evaluations in Health from the Perspective of the**

Chapter 11 **Principle of Management of Type 2 Diabetes: From Clinical, Public Health and Research Perspectives 177**

**Costs Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Treatment 165** Maurílio de Souza Cazarim, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Gonçalves, Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira and André de Oliveira Baldoni

Gheorghe and Laura Mazilu

**Mellitus 139** Irina Sarvilina

**VI** Contents

Madhur Dev Bhattarai

Andra-Iulia Suceveanu, Adrian-Paul Suceveanu, Andreea-Daniela

Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine dysfunctions in neonates and can occur at any age. This book is proposed as an overview of recent progress in diabetes research worldwide, with a focus on different research areas relevant to this disease. These include diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 and its complications, latent autoimmune diabetes, very lowcalorie diets in type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammation, oxidative stress, Hsp70, lipotoxicity, visceral fat, fat metabolism, adiponectin, and leptin. This book reviews the factors that con‐ tribute to air pollution and type 2 diabetes mellitus, body temperature regulation during exercise and hyperthermia in diabetic patients, and levels of amino acid serum and urinary excretion in young diabetic patients. Also, it examines the relationship among diabetes, hy‐ perinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and colorectal cancer. The authors have also contributed articles not only on the molecular signal integration of aging and diabetes mellitus but also on the molecular and biochemical scrutinization of pyridoxine status in the diabetic com‐ munity. This book proposes some treatments for this disease offering us hope in prevention and successful alleviation.

> **Dr. Ahmed R.G.** Associate Professor of Developmental and Experimental Biology Division of Anatomy and Embryology Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Beni-Suef University, Egypt

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Diabetes Mellitus in South Asia**

**Diabetes Mellitus in South Asia**

Viduranga Y. Waisundara and Naofumi Shiomi

Viduranga Y. Waisundara and Naofumi Shiomi

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76391

The prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and its complications in South Asia are much higher than in other developed and developing countries; therefore, diabetes mellitus has become a serious problem in this region. While the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in South Asia is remarkable, its characteristics and causes have not been well-elucidated. More than 85% of the diabetic population in South Asia suffer from type 2 diabetes, and the causes can be divided into two categories: internal/traditional causes and causes induced by rapid development. Factors such as age, gender, diet and lifestyle changes, including a lack of physical activity caused by modernization and urbanization, are major contributory factors. The majority of the healthcare costs associated with diabetes are due to its later complications and are not preventable. Therefore, inexpensive treatment at an early stage of diabetes is important. In this review, the following are recommended as preventive measures of the incidence of the disease: (1) induction of UCP1 through the diet, (2) increasing the intake of antidiabetic bioactive components and/or food and (3) evolution of the consensus through educational programs and government policy. National strategies and interventions should be implemented immediately for both the primary and secondary prevention of diabetes mellitus and its complications in

order to advocate healthy living among the South Asian populations.

**Keywords:** diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications, India, South Asia, Sri Lanka

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Diabetes mellitus (hereafter referred to as "diabetes") develops under unusual conditions where the glucose level in the blood cannot be controlled. The disease is characterized by several symptoms such as thirst, polyuria and blurred vision [1]. Ketoacidosis or a nonketotichyperosmolar state caused by a chronic higher blood glucose level leads to stupor and coma in advanced cases and can even cause death in severe cases. There are four clinically defined

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76391

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

**Provisional chapter**
