**6.4. Preemptive analgesia**

Analgesics are administered before painful stimulation to prevent peripheral and central sensitization. Preemptive analgesia inhibits peripheral sensitization and central sensitization. It should also prevent inflammatory and neuropathic pain types [95]. Local anesthetic infiltration, regional anesthesia methods, and drugs (NMDA receptor antagonists, opioids, COX-2 inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and local anesthetics) can be used for preemptive analgesia. According to a study, preemptive analgesia is statistically significant, although not clinically significant [96]. When preemptive analgesia is administered, it should be considered as a method of pathological pain as well as physiological conventional perioperative analgesia [97]. Preemptive analgesia is an effective method in clinical practice for the approach to postoperative pain involving incisional and inflammatory injury [98].

Drugs used in preemptive analgesia:


#### **6.5. Patient education**

There are two major components of pain perception: the sensory discriminative component and the motivational affective component [99]. Emotional component is targeted with patient education. Patients and their relatives are informed, and their anxiety is reduced by eliminating their fears about the unknown; the realistic goals are identified, and a relationship is established with patients and their relatives; the patient satisfaction increases, and the pain scores decrease [100].
