**7. Conclusion**

In TKA, many methods are proposed and used for postoperative pain management. There are many factors that affect postoperative pain management. The age of the patient, the experience of the surgeon, the technical conditions, and the method used are some of these. Taking all these factors and literature into consideration, the use of multimodal analgesia techniques is recommended.

**3.** During the rehabilitation program, unbalanced and full weight should not be allowed un-

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**4.** The development of reflex inhibition in the extensor or flexor mechanisms should be rec-

**6.** For the success of the rehabilitation program, orthopedic surgeon, physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, nurse, and the social team

Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu

[1] Ferrante FM, Vadebonconer TR. Postoperative Pain Management. 2nd ed. New York:

[3] Basbaum AI, Jessel T. The perception of pain. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz J, Jessel T, editors.

[4] Craig AD, Bushnell MC, Zhang ET, Blomqvist A. A thalamic nucleus specific for pain

[5] Gerbershagen HJ, Aduckathil S, van Wijck AJM, Peelen LM, Kalkman CJ, Meissner W. Painintensityon the first day after surgery:A prospective cohort study comparing 179

[6] Liu SS, Wu CL. The effect of analgesic technique on postoperative patient-reported outcomes including analgesia: A systematic review. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2007;

[7] Hall MJ, DeFrances CJ, Williams SN, Golosinskiy A, Schwartzman A. National hospital discharge survey: 2007 summary. National Health Statistics Reports. 2010:1-20, 24

[8] Ethgen O, Bruyere O, Richy F, Dardennes C, Reginster JY. Health-related quality of life in total hip and total knee arthroplasty. A qualitative and systematic review of the litera-

ture. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2004;**86**:963-974

Principles of Neuroscience. New York: Appleton and Lange; 2000. p. 472

til a normal range of motion and walking pattern is achieved.

of service specialists need to communicate well.

\*Address all correspondence to: dryavuzorak@hotmail.com

Churchill Livingstone Inc.; 1993. pp. 485-518

[2] Carr DB, Goudas IC. Acute pain. Lancet. 1999;**353**:2051

and temperature sensation. Nature. 1994;**372**:770-773

surgical procedures. Anesthesiology. 2013;**118**(4):934-944

**Author details**

**References**

**105**(3):789-808

Yavuz Orak\* and Mahmut Arslan

Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

ognized early and must be struggled in the appropriate modalities.

**5.** The operated and unoperated extremities should be strengthened together.

Systemic medications for postoperative analgesia after TKA:

	- **a.** Celecoxib
	- **b.** Ibuprofen
	- **c.** Naproxen
	- **d.** Ketorolac
	- **a.** Gabapentin
	- **b.** Pregabalin
	- **a.** Morphine
	- **b.** Fentanyl
	- **c.** Hydromorphone
	- **d.** Hydrocodone
	- **e.** Tramadol
	- **f.** Extended-release oxycodone
	- **g.** Extended-release morphine
