Preface

This book presents a compilation of topics related to primary total knee arthroplasty. The chapters cover, in a clear and didactic way, the current themes, written by experts from the area, from different parts of the world. Topics related to the three surgical phases (before surgery, during surgery, and after surgery) are discussed here. This is very important be‐ cause the surgeon is not a "factory worker." First of all, it is a medicine doctor who has to feel and understand the particularities of each patient.

Demographic studies show an aging population. Osteoarthritis and inflammatory diseases are becoming much more prevalent. In addition, a worldwide epidemic of trauma has led to the need for arthroplasties much more frequently. Therefore, total knee arthroplasty will be an increasingly important subject.

This is the fifth book I have had the pleasure to edit in partnership with the publisher, InTe‐ chOpen. I would like to thank the professionals of this pioneering publisher who were among the first ones to realize the importance of sharing their knowledge without barriers, through the system known today as Open Access. To all of you, I would like to express my sincere gratitude especially to the Publishing Process Manager, Ms. Marijana Francetic, of this book who fought hard for it to be completed successfully.

**Alessandro Rozim Zorzi, MD, MSc, PhD**

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Campinas State University São Paulo, Brazil

**Professor João Batista de Miranda, MD, PhD**

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Campinas State University São Paulo, Brazil

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Planning Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties**

gies for soft-tissue balancing in special situations are cited as well.

**Keywords:** knee surgery, arthroplasty, knee injuries surgery, mobile applications

The very first concept of improving knee function was introduced by Verneuil in 1860. He proposed an interposition of soft tissues in order to reconstruct articular surface. Unfortunately, it has led to disappointing results. In the same year, Ferguson resected the entire surface of the knee, which culminated with a better range of motion but lacked stability. In 1958, MacIntosh described a hemiarthroplasty using an acrylic tibial plateau later upgraded by McKeever for

Guston developed a polycentric prosthesis wich arculates metal to a polyethylene base fixed to the bone by acrylic cement, but the actual concepts used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been established by Freeman in 1973: minimal bone resection; minimal chance of loosening;

**Planning Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72775

Preoperative planning is routinely recommended prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We introduce a methodology for planning TKA based on mechanical alignment. A methodology for planning total knee arthroplasty was discussed among experienced knee surgeons. A rational methodology for planning TKA was stablished and it was setted to an application for mobile devices. It has proved to be useful and revealed accuracy compared to the manual form of preoperative planning. It was able to reduce planning time by more than a half and it was still reliable in measuring the anatomical-mechanical femoral angle (MAFÂ). This chapter introduces a TKA planning method based on mechanical alignment and GAP balancing principles. Kinematic alignment and strate-

> © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

João Bosco Sales Nogueira,

João Bosco Sales Nogueira,

Marcelo José Cortez Bezerra

**Abstract**

operative time

**1. History and introduction**

a prosthesis made of metal, showing better results.

Marcelo José Cortez Bezerra

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72775

Leonardo Heráclio do Carmo Araújo and

Leonardo Heráclio do Carmo Araújo and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
