Contents



Chapter 6 **Drivers of Unmet Need for Family Planning among Women of Advanced Reproductive Age in Urban Western Africa 95** Bola Lukman Solanke

Chapter 7 **Family Planning and Fertility Decline in Africa: From 1950 to 2010 119** Michel Garenne

#### **Section 3 Contraception Failure 153**

Chapter 8 **Contraceptive Failure among Women in Homa Bay County of Kenya: A Matter of User and Provider Deficiencies 155** Francis Obare, George Odwe and Wilson Liambila

Chapter 15 **Male Contraceptives 299**

Eka Rusdianto Gunardi and Yohanes Handoko

Contents **VII**


#### Chapter 15 **Male Contraceptives 299**

Chapter 7 **Family Planning and Fertility Decline in Africa: From**

Chapter 8 **Contraceptive Failure among Women in Homa Bay County of Kenya: A Matter of User and Provider Deficiencies 155**

Francis Obare, George Odwe and Wilson Liambila

Chapter 10 **Causes of Visiting Teenagers in the Pediatric and Adolescence**

Chapter 11 **Contraceptive Methods and the Subsequent Search for a**

Chapter 12 **Postpartum Family Planning: Methods to Decrease Unintended**

Jessica Maria Atrio, Isha Kachwala and Karina Avila

Chapter 13 **Birth Control and Family Planning Using Intrauterine**

Panagiotis Tsikouras, Theodora-Eleftheria Deftereou, Anna Chalkidou, Xanthoula Anthoulaki, Anastasia Bothou, Bachar Manav, Zacharoula Koukouli, Stefanos Zervoudis, George Iatrakis

Blanca Patricia Bautista Balbás, Luis Alfredo Bautista Balbás and

Iliescu Dominic Gabriel, Ștefania Tudorache, Simona Vlădăreanu, Nuți Daniela Oprescu, Maria Cezara Mureșan, Roxana Cristina

Chapter 9 **Interventions for Failed Family Planning 169** Li-Wei Chien and Heng-Kien Au

**1950 to 2010 119** Michel Garenne

**VI** Contents

**Section 3 Contraception Failure 153**

**Section 4 Teen Contraceptive Use 183**

**Examining Room 185**

and Georgios Galazios

**Section 5 Forms of Contraception 211**

**Pregnancy 213**

Alicia Pouso Rivera

**Pregnancies 243**

**Devices (IUDs) 257**

Drăgușin and Iuliana Ceaușu

Chapter 14 **Abortion and Family Planning 279** Affonso Renato Meira

Eka Rusdianto Gunardi and Yohanes Handoko

Preface

Family planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies. It is achieved through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of infertility. In addition, it reinforces couple's rights to determine the number and spacing of their children, while supporting the health and development of communities.

Millions of women of reproductive age in developing countries want to avoid pregnancy but are unable to use modern contraceptive methods. Family planning and the use of effec‐ tive contraception reduce the need for abortion, especially unsafe abortion and maternal deaths. Furthermore, barrier methods provide dual protection against unintended pregnan‐

Closely spaced and ill-timed births contribute to some of the world's highest infant mortality rates. Babies born to adolescents have higher neonatal mortality rates. Teenage pregnancies have long-term implications for adolescents and their families. In addition, family planning represents an opportunity for them to pursue additional education and paid employment.

The content covers an introduction to the basic principles of family planning and deals in

I am thankful to all the authors for their invaluable efforts and contributions. I would also like to thank Ms. Marijana Francetic, Publishing Process Manager, who really worked hard to bring out this book well in time. I would also like to thank Ana Pantar and Senior Com‐

**Professor Zouhair O. Amarin**

Jordan

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Jordan University of Science and Technology

missioning Editors, Ivona Lovric and Iva Lipovic, for their support and advice.

cies and sexually transmitted infections including HIV.

detail with numerous issues that pertain to family planning.
