**2. Methods**

A literature search was conducted on PubMed in March 2015 with the search terms male AND contraceptives\* and male AND infertility\* between 2010 and 2015. Titles and abstracts were manually scanned by one researcher and those related to male contraceptives were chosen. When information was found to be lacking, more searches were done with specific terms and no time limit, for example "CDB 4022".

Further searches were done on Google Scholar with Indonesian terms "kontrasepsi pria" and results were once again manually searched for articles related to male contraception. All searches were limited to articles that were available for free.
