**1. Introduction**

Human identification is one of the oldest behaviors that were done by people to distinguish each other. In the old ages, it was unusual to wrongly identify a person because the number of people was not much in each community. Consequently, memorizing all the persons that you deal within that time was possible. Additionally, it was enough to see the face of any person or to hear his voice to recognize him; therefore, human identification was not considered as a hard issue. The increase of the number of people and the occurrence of commercial and financial transactions forced people to find new reliable methods for human identification in order to prevent the unauthorized person to access authorized information. The new methods of

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human identification were classified into two main approaches as traditional and biometrics approaches. Matching process of these methods is conducted not only by humans but also by automated systems, which speed up the matching process in addition to the capability of the large size of memory.

**3.1. Face**

face tagging.

**3.2. Iris**

preprocessed variant are also shown in **Figure 2**.

**Figure 1.** Block diagram of a face recognition system.

Face recognition is one of the most important abilities that we use in our daily lives. Face recognition has been an active research area over the last 40 years, and the first automated face recognition system was developed by Takeo Kanade in 1973 [2]. The increasing interest in the face recognition research is caused by the satisfactory performance in many widely used applications such as the public security, commercial, and multimedia data management applications that use face as biometric trait. Face recognition has several advantages over other biometrics such as fingerprint and iris besides being natural and nonintrusive. First, the most important advantage of face is that it can be captured at a distance and in covert manner. Second, in addition to the identity, the face can also show the expression and emotion of the individual such as sadness, wonder, or scaring. Moreover, it provides a biographic data such as gender and age. Third, large databases of face images are already available, where the users should provide their face image in order to acquire driver's license or ID card. Finally, people are generally more willing to share their face images in the public domain as evinced by the increasing interest in social media applications (e.g., Facebook) with functionalities like

Person Identification Using Multimodal Biometrics under Different Challenges

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71667

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A face recognition system generally consists of four modules namely face detection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and matching as shown in **Figure 1**. An original face image and its

Iris recognition is one of the most reliable methods for personal identification. The use of iris texture analysis for biometric identification is clearly well established with the advantages of uniqueness and stability. Iris recognition has been successfully applied in access control systems managing large databases. The United Arab Emirates has been using iris biometrics

Iris is one of the most valuable traits for automatic identification of human being. A number of reasons justify this interest. First of all, the iris is a protected internal organ of the eye that is visible from the exterior. The iris is an annular structure and planar shape that turns easily, and it has a rich texture. Furthermore, iris texture is predominantly a phenotypic with limited genetic penetrance. The appearance is stable over lifetime, which holds tremendous promise

for border control and expellees tracking purposes for the past decade [3].
