2.1. Posed

Emotions acted out based on conjecture or with the guidance from actors or professionals are called posed expressions [25]. Most facial emotion databases, especially the early ones i.e. Banse-Scherer [26], CK [27] and Chen-Huang [28], consist purely of posed facial expressions, as it is the easiest to gather. However, they also are the least representative of real world authentic emotions as forced emotions are often over-exaggerated or missing subtle details, like in Figure 1. Due to this, human expression analysis models created through the use of posed databases often have very poor results with real world data [13, 30]. To overcome the problems related to authenticity, professional theatre actors have been employed, e.g. for the GEMEP [31] database.
