**6.1. Analysis of spatial range of travel behavior**

#### *6.1.1. Short-distance travel behavior*

In general, tourist activities mostly refer to long-distance travel behaviors. However, in daily life, there is still a general need for "recreational activities.*" Some WHMs pointed out that they would use their free time to engage in certain regular outdoor recreational activities, such as taking walks, taking photographs, cycling, having outings, dining out, and so on. Their goal was to relax. As stated by one participant, "In the afternoon, everyone might meet up for sightseeing nearby, cycle somewhere, or take photographs nearby, or go out for a walk at night to enjoy a sky full of stars. To me, this was also having fun" (J3, 2014).* In addition, to some WHMs, going shopping was also a means to enjoy the novelty and exoticness of the shopping process. For example, one participant stated, *"At the beginning, even going to the supermarket was exciting. Visiting the supermarket was also very interesting to me" (J2, 2014).* Another participant also pointed out, *"I really liked visiting the local market to buy random things and to see different people, events, and things. If you integrate into their lives, you will have a different feeling" (C2, 2014).* In brief, the novelty of a foreign space induced the willingness of WHMs to engage in regular recreational activities and to expand their personal horizons. In addition, cultural experience activities not only enabled WHMs to effectively integrate into local society but also interact with local residents; it would enable them to gain deeper experiences of the local culture and lifestyle. For example, concerning the experiences of local customs, one participant said, *"Once, I was a guest at a Japanese household. Since it was New Year's, we worshiped in a shrine, offered coins, drew lots, and pulled the bell ropes for happiness" (J3, 2014).* Another WHM, who traveled to Canada, mentioned, *"I was very happy to spend Thanksgiving at my friend's house, and we ate a turkey dinner. I was finally able to experience the foreigner feeling" (C4, 2014).* Thus, we can see that participating in the local customs and festivals provided WHMs with a deeper tourist experience.

Furthermore, social gatherings were the most common recreational activities among WHMs. As there was no need for a fixed time, place, or form, they could easily meet backpackers from around the world during these gatherings; hence, WHMs were often attracted to these social gatherings. For example, one participant stated, *"The farm owner loved organizing parties. There was one nearly every week, with food, fun, and the chance to meet friends" (J3, 2014).* Therefore, social activities were one of the best ways for WHMs to meet foreign friends, expand their contacts, and enhance their relationships. Another participant also stated, *"Everyone shared how to cook, make, and eat certain dishes. My special dish was salt and pepper chicken, and the foreigners really liked it" (A1, 2014).*
