3. Model territory

Landscape elements

Legal or managed disposal sites

Gardening and cottage settlements

Water areas and streams

Water areas and streams

Description Degree of

Disposal sites, rubble heaps, slag heaps, etc. Devastated 1

Artificial water areas and regulated streams — 2; 3

Natural water areas and streams — 3; 4; 5

Built-up areas Built-up areas and asphalt and concrete roads Devastated 1

Cemeteries Cemetery areas, often overgrown with woody plants Fabricated 1; 2 Fields Intensely used and annually plowed agricultural lands Unnatural 1; 2 Vineyards Intensive and extensive farming Unnatural 1; 2 Hop gardens Intensive farming Unnatural 1 Orchards Intensive and extensive farming Unnatural 1; 2

Patchwork of special fruit and vegetable plants and trees, flower beds,

Gardens Gardens near houses Unnatural 1; 2 Grassland Intensive farming in meadows and pastures Unnatural 2 Grassland Extensive farming in meadows and pastures Seminatural 3 Grassland Natural xerothermic, subalpine, alpine meadows, salt marshes Almost natural 4; 5

Grassland Other plant and herb vegetation Unnatural—

Wetland Naturally created wetlands, including spring associations Almost natural 5

outside a natural area of their propagation, 2. Picea abies grown in the

grown in the fourth and fifth FVLs, 3. Vegetation of Pinus sylvestris in other places, 4. Vegetation of Larix decidua in the original places, 5. Vegetation of Populus nigra, P. alba and other species of poplar tree grown in other places, 6. indigenous species of Salix grown in other

(Carpinus, Acer, Fraxinus, Tilia), 2. Vegetation of Fagus sylvatica in the second and third FVLs, 3. Vegetation of Fagus sylvatica in the sixth FVL, 4. Vegetation of Picea abies grown in the sixth and seventh FVLs, 5. Vegetation of Quercus robur and Q. petraea grown in other places, 6. Vegetation of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana grown in other places

FVLs, 3. Vegetation of Picea abies grown in the eighth FVL (in flood places), 4. Vegetation of Pinus sylvestris at extreme places, 5. Vegetation of Quercus robur and Q. petraea and also Quercus pubescens in the first and second FVLs and natural vegetation in the third and fourth FVLs, 6. Vegetation of Quercus cerris in the Pannonian region in the first FVL, 7. Vegetation of Populus nigra, P. alba and other indigenous species of toplar trees grown in alluvial forests, 8. Vegetation of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana grown in alluvial forests and at

Wetland Wetlands created in anthropogenic sunken areas, abandoned

Forest 1. Cultivated monocultures of exotic trees and other kinds grown

Forest 1. Pioneering trees spreading naturally, 2. Vegetation of Picea abies

Forest 1. Oak and beech vegetation with naturally occurring Ruscus

Forest 1. Scree forests, 2. Vegetation of Fagus sylvatica in the fourth and fifth

first, second and third forest vegetation levels (FVLs)\*

quarries, etc.

places

etc., and built-up areas

194 Mobilities, Tourism and Travel Behavior - Contexts and Boundaries

hemeroby

Unnatural 1; 2

2; 3

seminatural

Seminatural 3; 4;

Unnatural 2

Seminatural 3

Seminatural almost natural

Almost natural —natural

4

5

Degree of LEI

> The land cover of Bratislava IV is comprised in the central part of relatively extensive forest ecosystems in the Little Carpathians Protected Landscape Area. In the southeastern part, there are vast urban areas of the cadastral municipality of Karlova Ves and Dubravka. In Devinska Nova Ves, there is not only an industrial zone but also agricultural soil. However, this soil is being overbuilt with the Bory Mall polyfunctional complex.

> The cadastral municipality of Devin (Picture 1) is situated at the confluence of the Danube and Morava rivers. National nature reserve Devínska Kobyla, natural monument Devín and conservation area Slovanský ostrov are important biotopes in this area.

> The land cover of Devin is presented in Picture 2. At the foot of Devinska Kobyla, there is a strip of vineyards, gardens and unique buildings. This area can be considered as an ecotone

Picture 1. Model territory Devin—Bratislava IV district.

Picture 2. Protected area The Floodplain of the Morava river in Devin (the archive of the city of Bratislava, 2015).

and is surrounded by rare biotopes. It serves as a transition zone. The cultural-historical core of this area is a Slavic fortified settlement Devin which represents the place of prehistoric settlement. From agricultural point of view, vineyards and gardens are preferred in this area, which makes it slightly inappropriate for family houses. It is very important to preserve the original character of the landscape connected to the cultivation of vineyards. The model territory has a high recreational potential which is conditioned by ecological, gene pool and landscape potential with the connection to forest, cultural-historical and vineyard potential.

Despite a strong anthropic pressure of the city of Bratislava, many types of endangered but well-preserved habitats have been retained in the peripheral parts of this area. The rare habitats in this area are mainly the forests and the meadows of the Danube and Morava rivers. It has a very high degree of LEI, for example, Protected area The Floodplain of the Morava river in Devin, Nature reserve Fialkova dolina, National natural monument Devinska hradna skala, The Zahorske Pomoravie Special Protection Area, National nature reserve Devinska Kobyla, and The Little Carpathians Protected Landscape Area. The most important protected areas are Protected area The Floodplain of the Morava river in Devin and National natural monument Devinska hradna skala.

The Floodplain of the Morava river in Devín was announced by the regulation of the Regional Authority of Bratislava in 1999. Grasslands, wetlands and forests with many protected and endangered plants and animals are protected here. The area comprises 253.16 ha. It is located in the district of Devin and Devinska Nova Ves. There are many types of plant communities which show a high and very high degree of LEI based on the ratio of originality and naturalness of land cover classes (Picture 3).

Assessment of Selected Cultural Ecosystem Services: Benefits of Land Cover Ecosystems for Ecological Models… http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71869 197

and is surrounded by rare biotopes. It serves as a transition zone. The cultural-historical core of this area is a Slavic fortified settlement Devin which represents the place of prehistoric settlement. From agricultural point of view, vineyards and gardens are preferred in this area, which makes it slightly inappropriate for family houses. It is very important to preserve the original character of the landscape connected to the cultivation of vineyards. The model territory has a high recreational potential which is conditioned by ecological, gene pool and landscape poten-

Picture 2. Protected area The Floodplain of the Morava river in Devin (the archive of the city of Bratislava, 2015).

Despite a strong anthropic pressure of the city of Bratislava, many types of endangered but well-preserved habitats have been retained in the peripheral parts of this area. The rare habitats in this area are mainly the forests and the meadows of the Danube and Morava rivers. It has a very high degree of LEI, for example, Protected area The Floodplain of the Morava river in Devin, Nature reserve Fialkova dolina, National natural monument Devinska hradna skala, The Zahorske Pomoravie Special Protection Area, National nature reserve Devinska Kobyla, and The Little Carpathians Protected Landscape Area. The most important protected areas are Protected area The Floodplain of the Morava river in Devin and National natural

The Floodplain of the Morava river in Devín was announced by the regulation of the Regional Authority of Bratislava in 1999. Grasslands, wetlands and forests with many protected and endangered plants and animals are protected here. The area comprises 253.16 ha. It is located in the district of Devin and Devinska Nova Ves. There are many types of plant communities which show a high and very high degree of LEI based on the ratio of originality and naturalness of land

tial with the connection to forest, cultural-historical and vineyard potential.

monument Devinska hradna skala.

196 Mobilities, Tourism and Travel Behavior - Contexts and Boundaries

cover classes (Picture 3).

Picture 3. Land cover of Devin (scale of 1:5000). Legend: 1. Roads (asphalt—Road of class I, II, and III, local road, semipaved roads); 2. Paved areas (parking, concrete areas, loading ramps); 3. Individual housing; 4. Cottages, garden cottages, private garages, small structures, sheds, greenhouses in gardens; 5. Public housing; 6. Cultural monuments; 7. Objects of services, administration, education, health services, culture, religious buildings, and so on; 8. Cemetery; 9. Industrial and storehouse objects; 10. Small technical structures; 11. Playgrounds—grassy; 12. Tennis courts with clay; 13. Gardens near the houses; 14. Gardens, gardening settlements; 15. Vineyards; 16. Abandoned vineyards; 17. Abandoned orchards and gardens; 18. Small vineyards; 19. Abandoned small vineyards; 20. Backyards; 21. Water stream; 22. Water area, dead arm of the river; 23. Swimming pool; 24. Water source; 25. Artificial gravel banks; 26. Wetland; 27. Reed and flood-meadows; 28. Meadows (slope); 29. Xerothermophilous grassland vegetation; 30. Forest-steppe vegetation; 31. Overgrown grasslands; 32. Grassy overgrown unmown balks to bounds with nonforest vegetation; 33. Ruderal grasses; 34. Grassy flood-control dam; 35. Park grasses with a minimum of woody plants; 36. Park grasses with nonforest vegetation; 37. Grasses on banks near roads and railways; 38. Devastated areas with ruderal vegetation; 39. Outfield, meadow outfield; 40. Rocks, rock reefs; 41. Rocks and scree with vegetation; 42. Waterside vegetation—natural woods or grasslands; 43. Soft alluvial forest; 44. Oak-hornbeam forest; 45. Xerothermic oak forest; 46. Pine forest; 47. Spruce forest; 48. Locust forest; 49. Young unspecified forest; 50. Cut-down forest; 51. Nonforest vegetation—solitary trees; small group of woody plants; 52. Nonforest vegetation—linear vegetation, tree lines; 53. Nonforest vegetation—surface, variety of species; 54. Nonforest vegetation—woody plants on banks and on cut-down areas.

National natural monument—Devinska hradna skala was announced in the regulation of the Municipal Executive Board of Bratislava in 1990 and in the regulation of the Ministry of the Environment of the Slovak Republic in 1996. The subject of protection is a significant geological, botanical and zoological area which covers 0.70 ha. The natural monument Devínska lesostep was announced by the decision of the Environment Agency of Bratislava in 1992 and by the regulation of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic in 1996. The subjects of protection are critically endangered species of important plant associations. The area extends over 5.09 ha (Statistical Yearbook of Bratislava, the capital city of the Slovak Republic, 2015). It has a very high degree of LEI.
