Preface

Chapter 7 **Porous Ceramic Matrix Phase Change Composites for Thermal Control Purposes of Hypersonic Vehicle 153**

Xiangfa Zhou

**VI** Contents

This book is a compilation of research articles describing the recent advances in some of the hypersonic technologies. The first section of the book consists of four chapters on "Aerody‐ namic Modeling and Numerical Simulations." The first chapter describes the numerical sim‐ ulations of rarefied hypersonic flows using the second-order constitutive model of the Boltzmann equation. The second chapter discusses the numerical simulation of hypersonic boundary layer receptivity due to free-stream pulse waves. The third chapter describes the numerical modeling of hypersonic aerodynamics and heat transfer for Martian descent module. The fourth chapter describes an investigative approach at the Phase-A design level for launcher aerodynamics using the CFD and analytical tools. The second section of the book is titled "Miscellaneous Topics." It has three chapters. The first chapter describes the modeling and analysis of fluid-thermal-structure coupling problems for hypersonic vehicles; the second chapter describes the hypersonic vehicles, following LQR design using timevarying weighting matrices; and the third chapter describes the study of porous ceramic phase change composite thermal control systems for hypersonic vehicles. Thus, the book covers a wide variety of topics related to some hypersonic technologies in seven chapters in a single volume. I hope that it can serve as a useful source of reference to both researchers and students interested in learning about certain specific hypersonic technologies.

> **Ramesh K. Agarwal** Washington University in St. Louis USA

**Section 1**

**Aerodynamic Modeling and Numerical**

**Simulations**

**Aerodynamic Modeling and Numerical Simulations**

**Chapter 1**

Provisional chapter

**Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Rarefied Flows**

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70657

**Using the Second-Order Constitutive Model of the**

Using the Second-Order Constitutive Model of the

Various mathematical theories and simulation methods were developed in the past for describing gas flows in nonequilibrium, in particular, hypersonic rarefied regime. They range from the mesoscale models like the Boltzmann equation, the DSMC, and the highorder hydrodynamic equations. The moment equations can be derived by introducing the statistical averages in velocity space and then combining them with the Boltzmann kinetic equation. In this chapter, on the basis of Eu's generalized hydrodynamics and the balanced closure recently developed by Myong, the second-order constitutive model of the Boltzmann equation applicable for numerical simulation of hypersonic rarefied flows is presented. Multi-dimensional computational models of the second-order constitutive equations are also developed based on the concept of decomposition and method of iterations. Finally, some practical applications of the second-order constitutive model to hypersonic rarefied flows like re-entry vehicles with complicated geometry are

Keywords: hypersonic rarefied flows, moment equations, balanced closure, numerical

Various mathematical theories and simulation methods were developed in the past for describing gas flows in nonequilibrium, in particular, hypersonic rarefied regime. They range from the mesoscale models like the Boltzmann equation [1–6], the direct simulation Monte Carlo methods [7], and the high order hydrodynamic equations [1–6, 8–20]. Among these models, the kinetic Boltzmann equation plays a central role in the hierarchy of PDE-based mathematical models for gas kinetic theory. The kinetic Boltzmann equation can be transformed into the

> © The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and eproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Rarefied Flows

**Boltzmann Equation**

Boltzmann Equation

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70657

simulation, discontinuous Galerkin

Rho Shin Myong

Rho Shin Myong

Abstract

described.

1. Introduction

Provisional chapter
