**Author details**

it can be used as health drink with milk as its base. By keeping this thing in mind, a health drink was developed with processed garden cress seeds that contain excess amount of minerals and nutrients [13]. The composition of health drink developed by adding 5% sugar (w/v) in skimmed milk with 1% fat and 3% of processed garden cress seeds powder had 8.75

The health drink is considered as a type of fortified functional foods mainly needed for growing children, the aged, and the invalids and also certain convalescent patients. It enhances the nutritional properties of milk and also provides the entire essential factor that is needed by these people [42]. This type of finding help to develop many types of functional and fortified food products. The chemical composition of milk-based health drink prepared by Mohite et al. is presented in **Table 3** [13]. This type of drink helps to prevent nutrient deficiency and promotes lean muscle developments in persons doing regular exercise. Therefore, it is essential that the food prepared in such a way to meets the requirement of modern consumers. At the same time, it should appeal to the senses of the consumers by having pleasant organoleptic qualities.

Earlier finding of researcher concludes that the intake of high n-6 PUFAs in diet has change the physiological conditions like prothrombotic and proaggregatory, characterized by increase in blood viscosity, vasospasm, and vasoconstriction and decrease in bleeding time [40]. Atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, and cancer were caused by the deficiency of n-3 PUFA. However, sufficient intake of n-3 PUFAs alters membrane fluidity, downregulates inflammatory genes and lipid synthesis, and stimulates fatty acid degradation [43]. Humans cannot synthesize PUFAs like n-3 and n-6, which are essential fatty acids; therefore, they need to be supplemented through food. The eating of vegetable oils in diet (sunflower, corn oil, safflower oil, and soybean oil) rich in n-6 PUFA has shifted the n-6 to n-3

Umesha and Naidu developed a blended vegetable oil and studied its modulatory effects on lipid metabolism [46]. For the development of blended vegetable oil, different ratios of GCSO were blended with sunflower oil (SFO), rice bran oil (RBO), and sesame oil (SESO) to obtain n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 2.3–2.6 for the assessment of its modulatory effect on lipid metabolism. Wistar rats fed to Native and GCSO blended oils at 10% level in the diet for 60 days. Serum and liver lipids showed significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and LDL-C levels in GCSO blended oil fed rats compared to native oil fed rats. In the GCSO blended oils fed rats, the ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents were significantly increased, whereas linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels decreased. The lipid profile of rats effectively modulated with blending of vegetable

The content of biologically active compounds, as well as the antioxidant capacity of *L. sativum* has been investigated by several researchers and their findings indicated that seeds

*3.6.6. Vegetable oil blends with α-linolenic acid-rich garden cress oil*

PUFA ratio to 50:1 instead of a recommended ratio of 10:1 or 2:1 [44, 45].

oils with GCSO by increasing the ALA and decreasing n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio.

overall consumer acceptability.

290 Advances in Seed Biology

**4. Conclusion**

Chandra Shekhar Singh\* and Vinod Kumar Paswan

\*Address all correspondence to: chandrassingh007@gmail.com

Centre of Food Science and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
