Contents

#### **Preface XI**


Preface

and an adaptable therapy at home.

much appreciated.

ing the manuscripts.

The history of peritoneal dialysis (PD) goes back to the 1740s when Warrick treated a 50 year-old woman with severe ascites. The physiology of fluid absorption studies and remov‐ al characteristics of the peritoneum progressed throughout the 1800s until the early 1900s. In 1923, Ganter implemented frequent exchanges with different volumes of PD solutions in treating a woman with renal failure. In the early 1920s, Rosenak and Sewon developed a metal catheter for continuous lavage of the peritoneum. In 1960, Boen developed an auto‐ mated unit that could be operated unattended during the night (automated PD). In 1963, Tenckhoff simplified the PD catheter, and Palmer developed a catheter for long-term use. In 1970, Lasker developed the "peritoneal cycler". In 1974, Oreopoulos developed the intermit‐ tent PD (IPD) system. In 1975, Moncrief and Popovich developed the continuous ambulato‐ ry peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Ever since, PD has been refined and developed into a flexible

The actual start of hemodialysis (HD) techniques was during the forties of the last century. The first working dialyzer was constructed by Kolff in 1943 in the Netherlands. Two years later, Kolff used his machine to unsuccessfully treat 16 patients suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI). However, in 1945, a 67-year-old comatose female patient recovered and re‐ gained consciousness following 11 hours of HD. In 1946, Alwall modified Kolff's dialysis

Hemodialysis and PD treatments have recently witnessed significant improvements in tech‐ nology and quality performance in managing patients with renal failure. These advance‐ ments include HD and PD machines, water treatment plants, medical devices, disposables and solutions. The book *Aspects in Dialysis*, with its wide coverage of different aspects of HD and PD, can be considered as a guide for daily practice and how best possible medical out‐ comes can be achieved in dialysis patients. Each chapter provides a clear description in a simple and easily understood layout, which is supported by illustrations and/or figures or tables. The tremendous efforts and valued contributions of all participating authors are

Finally, my special thanks to the Publishing Process Managers Ms. Renata Sliva and Ms. La‐ da Bozic Erzic for their great efforts and professional secretarial task of collecting and edit‐

**Ayman Karkar**

Consultant Physician and Nephrologist

Baxter Medical Manager Renal

Middle East and Africa

machine to enable fluid removal and managed to treat a patient with AKI.
