**Meet the editor**

Following his graduation from medical school, Dr. Ayman Karkar received his MSc degree in Nephrology and Hypertension and PhD degree in Renal Medicine from the Hammersmith Hospital, University of London. Dr. Karkar is a consultant physician and nephrologist. He is a Fellow of the Royal Colleges of Physicians (FRCP) of London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Ireland and a Fellow

of the American National Kidney Foundation (FNKF) and the American Society of Nephrology (FASN). He has authored several books and published over 145 articles and abstracts in peer-reviewed medical journals. Dr. Karkar is currently Baxter Medical Manager Renal, Middle East and Africa.

Contents

**Preface VII**

Chapter 1 **Introductory Chapter 1** Ayman Karkar

Lowenstein

Chapter 2 **Uremic Retention Solutes 9**

**Hemodialysis Patients 29**

William Ackley, Leland Soiefer, Aleksey Etinger and Jerome

Dev Jegatheesan, Wenling Yang, Rathika Krishnasamy, Carmel M.

Susana Coimbra, Maria do Sameiro Faria, Vasco Miranda, Luís Belo

Guadalupe Tirma Gónzalez-Mateo, Lucía Pascual-Antón, Lorena Ávila Carrasco, Virginia Martínez-Cabeza, Inmaculada Fernández, Rafael Selgas, Manuel López-Cabrera and Abelardo Aguilera

Chapter 3 **Body Composition and Its Clinical Outcome in Maintenance**

Piyawan Kittiskulnam and Somchai Eiam-Ong

Khajohn Tiranathanagul and Somchai Eiam-Ong

**Patients: The Impact of Conventional Dialysis versus**

Chapter 6 **Cardiovascular Risk Factors in End-Stage Renal Disease**

Chapter 7 **Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Peritoneal**

Chapter 4 **Cardiovascular Disease in Dialysis Patients 59**

Hawley and David W. Johnson

**Online-Hemodiafiltration 109**

and Alice Santos-Silva

**Dialysis 133**

Chapter 5 **High-efficiency Hemodiafiltration 91**
