**Author details**

GPx Glutathione peroxidases

GS-SG Glutathione disulfide

O2 Hydrogen peroxide

● Hydroperoxyl radical

ICSI Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

NADPH ß-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PHGPx Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase

<sup>−</sup> Bicarbonate

HOCl Hypochlorous acid

IVF *In vitro* fertilization LPO Lipid peroxidation MDA Malondialdehyde

mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA

NO● Nitric oxide

●− Superoxide

ONOO<sup>−</sup> Peroxynitrite

OS Oxidative stress

PLA2 Phospholipase A2 PMN Polymorphonuclear

ROO● Peroxyl radical


PUFAs Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RNS Reactive nitrogen species

ROS Reactive oxygen species

SOD Superoxide dismutase

WHO World Health Organization

OH● Hydroxyl radical

O2 Oxygen

GSH Glutathione

142 Spermatozoa - Facts and Perspectives

H+ Hydrogen

H2

HCO3

HO2

O2

Eva Tvrdá\*, Peter Massanyi and Norbert Lukáč

\*Address all correspondence to: evina.tvrda@gmail.com

Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia
