**Author details**

Electrocoagulation is an effective and promising treatment method subject of numerous publications. It has been shown that this method is particularly effective for a wide range of pollutants (heavy metals, organic compounds, microorganisms and various others). For this

EC is a primary wastewater treatment for inducing the controlled electrogeneration of flocculants/coagulants on site, usually under the application of a constant current. It is a complex process involving several chemical and physical phenomena with the formation of iron or aluminium cations from the dissolution of the corresponding sacrificial anode(s) and the simultaneous production of OH− anions by cathodic reduction of water. The polymeric metal hydroxides formed act as excellent coagulating agents to favour the removal of dissolved, colloidal, or suspended matter, eventually yielding great percentages of removal of colour and turbidity. Coagulation mainly occurs by destabilisation, once the metal cations combine with the negatively charged particles moving towards the anode by electrophoretic

Milk and dairy products are among the sources of industrial wastewater that cause significant pollution of natural aquatic environments. Wastewater generally comes from the dilution of milk or dairy products. In addition, detergents, disinfectant materials, machine oils and cloth fibres used in cleaning take place in wastewater. Dairy effluent nature is slightly alkaline, high temperature, unpleasant rancid odours, bitter or medicinal taste, hard, scaly deposits, and so on when it is disposed without treatments, it may result in adverse effects in fish growth, reproduction and immunity in water bodies, harmful effect on beneficial microorganism's and plant growth due to decrease micronutrients solubility, serious problems of health and

In order to treat industrial wastewater of milk and dairy products, quite different systems have been developed in different countries of the world. Factors such as the initial investment and operating costs in the selection of treatment technologies, the presence of appropriate staff for the enterprise and the need for treatment to ensure the regulations are taken into

The use of membrane technology in wastewater treatment by biological treatment has a short history covering the last 20–30 years. It is in a rapid development process, since it removes many disadvantages of classical systems. Membrane processes are in their process of being an effective remedy for most wastewater treatment with their unique properties. They can be used alone or together with other wastewater treatment systems. Membrane bioreactors offer effective solid-liquid separation, high yields of effluent, smaller plant sizes and low sludge

Treatment methods supported by chemical substances (coagulation-flocculation, oxidationreduction, flotation, etc.) implemented for organic matter in water and wastewater treatment,

reason, it is considered as one of the more promising water remediation techniques.

186 Technological Approaches for Novel Applications in Dairy Processing

motion [49].

**3. Conclusions**

hygiene, eutrophication.

account.

production.

Taner Yonar\*, Özge Sivrioğlu and Nihan Özengin

\*Address all correspondence to: yonar@uludag.edu.tr

Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
