**1.3 Conclusion**

Two kinds of polypyrrole films were galvanostatically fabricated, and the polypyrrole/adhesive bending actuators were fabricated. The actuators exhibited a large bending angle range of nearly 90o. However, when the actuators approached the counter electrode, the bending angle increased which resulted in non-uniform bending of the actuators. Then, the three-layered actuator of PPy1/adhesive tape/PPy2, whose PPy films have different expansion/contraction ratios, was fabricated and characterized. The three layered actuator showed pretty uniform bending deformation with some expense of the bending angle.
