4.5. Glial cell alterations

There are well-recognized genes, such as GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), NES (nestin) and VIM (vimentin), that are overexpressed in astrocytes and are found responsible for glial scar formation. They are found upregulated early after SCI [26]. In oligodendrocytes, the gene expression decline due to oligodendrocytic death, while an increase in myelination occurs in later stages [26].
