**Acknowledgements**

**Figure 9.** Schematic diagram for landslide early-warning system.

Automatic rain gauges for landslides early warning have been installed in Chittagong City Corporation and Chittagong University Campus which record rainfall data every 15 min and send it to a server through an online system. Historical rainfall data are stored in the server for further analysis. In addition, when the rainfall threshold values, which have been set in the system, are exceeded, the rain gauges are programmed to send SMS messages to registered

These rain gauges send real-time early warning to the registered mobile phones so that the first responding organizations can take action straight away before landslides happen. This is intended to facilitate the timely evacuation of the people residing close to landslidesprone areas. The automatic rain gauges installed are receiving power from a solar panel to

mobile phones of 10 different organizations/personnel (**Figure 9**).

**Return period (years)**

Period 1 2 3 4 days 467 545 591 624 days 333 392 426 451 day 188 216 233 245

**Chittagong rainfall (mm)**

144 Engineering and Mathematical Topics in Rainfall

**Table 2.** Results of statistical analysis of rainfall data.

The authors are indebted to Ms. Moonira Akhter Chowdhury, Director General of GSB, for her kind permission to publish a chapter titled 'Landslides Susceptibility of Chittagong City, Bangladesh and Development of Landslides Early Warning System' in the book Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment by Springer International Publishing (2014). It is to state that with kind permission from the authors to re-use it, a considerable part of the present work was taken from this previously published chapter. Thanks to the Government of Bangladesh and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to provide fund to establish and maintain the landslides early-warning system in Bangladesh. Thanks to Ms. Shahtaj Karim, Assistant Director (geology) of GSB, for her assistance to prepare the chapter.
