Preface

Chapter 7 **Variability and Change in Water Cycle at the**

Roxana Bojariu, Sorin Ionuţ Dascălu, Mădălina Gothard, Alexandru Dumitrescu, Roxana Cică, Sorin Burcea, Liliana Velea, Marius-Victor Bîrsan, Vasile Craciunescu, Anisoara Irimescu, Marius Matreata, Viorel Chendeș, Boris Boincean, Valeriu Cazac, Vera Potopová and

Chapter 8 **Landslide Susceptibility of Chittagong City, Bangladesh, and**

Chapter 9 **Flash Flood Early Warning Research in China 147** Haichen Li, Tao Qin and Xiaohui Lei

**Mountainous Regions 163**

Chapter 10 **Effect of the Rainfall Infiltration Processes on the Landslide Hazard Assessment of Unsaturated Soils in Tropical**

**Development of Landslides Early Warning System 131** Reshad Md. Ekram Ali, Lloyd Warren Tunbridge, Rajinder Kumar Bhasin, Salma Akter, Mohammad Zohir Uddin and Md. Mahmood

Cesar Augusto Hidalgo, Johnny Alexander Vega and Melissa Parra

**Catchment Level 115**

Andrei Nita

**VI** Contents

Hossain Khan

Obando

Rainfall, hail, snow, sleet, and other forms of moisture that comprise precipitation are topics that engineers and planners deal with in their typical projects and researches. How precipi‐ tation occurs, and the magnitude of its characteristics and attributes can dictate designs of civil engineering works and enable opportunities for growth and sustainable communities. The mathematics involved in describing the attributes of precipitation are embodied in the technical fields of Hydrology and Hydrometeorology.

In this book, many of the topics of current interest are examined that deal with these fasci‐ nating aspects of water as they occur in our planet's hydrologic cycle. These topics of inter‐ est include Doppler Radar estimation techniques and related distributions of uncertainty; hydrologic modeling; components of precipitation, their relationship to other variables found in the thermodynamic relationships, and also their influence on hydrometeorology topics related to floods and droughts; and other areas of interest in engineering and plan‐ ning.

This book provides a cross section of the current progress in the effort to better understand and describe several influences that rainfall has to engineers, scientists, and environmental planners, among other disciplines.

> **Theodore V Hromadka II** United States Military Academy, USA

> > **Prasada Rao** California State University, USA

**Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**Design Rainfall in Engineering Applications with Focus**

Design hyetograph or design storm definition is one of the most important parts of the design discharge determination in case of ungauged catchments. Design hyetograph duration and temporal rainfall distribution can have large impact on the peak discharge values and the shape of the runoff hydrograph. The influence of these two factors on the design runoff values is presented in the case study of the Glinščica River catchment that covers 16.85 km<sup>2</sup> and it is located in central part of Slovenia, Europe. A combination of Huff and intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves is used to construct the design hyetograph for the presented case study. The duration of the design storm is determined by the catchment time of concentration. The results are compared to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) curves and the so-called frequency storm method. The hydrological modeling result that was carried out using the hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) software indicates that differences among different methods should not be neglected. For the 10-year return period, differences in the peak discharge values can be larger than 10%, while even larger differences can be expected for longer return periods. Some studies showed that these can be larger than 50%. Therefore, the guidelines on how

**Keywords:** design rainfall, design discharge, modeling, rainfall, hydrologic engineering

Design peak discharge values or in some cases, even the complete design hydrographs are needed for the design, planning, and construction of different hydraulic structures such as dams, water retention reservoirs, and levees that can be used to improve the flood safety. These design values or design hydrographs (sometimes also called design floods) can be determined using various approaches. In case of gauged catchments or when plenty of discharge data

**Design Rainfall in Engineering Applications with Focus** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70319

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**on the Design Discharge**

**on the Design Discharge**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70319

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

Nejc Bezak, Mojca Šraj and Matjaž Mikoš

Nejc Bezak, Mojca Šraj and Matjaž Mikoš

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

to construct the design hyetograph are presented.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

**Provisional chapter**
