Preface

**Section 4 Obesity – Impact of Hormones/Peptides and Adipocytes 113**

**Development of Obesity-Associated Adipose Tissue**

**Vitamin D Receptor and Vitamin D Hydroxylation Enzymes in**

Efrain Chavarria-Avila, Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernández, Milton-Omar Guzmán-Ornelas, Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz, Sandra-

Chapter 7 **The Role of Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Hypoxia in the**

**Inflammation and Insulin Resistance 127**

Chapter 8 **Vitamin D Status in Obesity: Relation with Expression of**

Adryana Cordeiro and Andrea Ramalho

**Section 5 Miscellaneous – Important Aspects and Angles 179**

Chapter 11 **The Pediatric Obesity Epidemic and the Role of the**

Maureen A. Scully and Gerald V. Denis

Chapter 9 **Immunometabolism in Obesity 157**

Chapter 10 **Obesity and Coronary Artery Disease 181**

**Meritocracy Matter 195**

**Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue 143**

Luz Ruíz-Quezada and Mónica Vázquez-Del Mercado

Ibrahim Akin, Uzair Ansari and Christoph A. Nienaber

**Corporation: Why Work Conditions and Faith in**

Chapter 12 **New Thoughts on Pediatric Genetic Obesity: Pathogenesis,**

**Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Approach 213** Stefano Stagi, Martina Bianconi, Maria Amina Sammarco, Rosangela Artuso, Sabrina Giglio and Maurizio de Martino

Chapter 13 **Human Gut Microbiota and Obesity During Development 265** Tomás Cerdó, Alicia Ruiz and Cristina Campoy

Pei-Chi Chan and Po-Shiuan Hsieh

Chapter 6 **Obesity Peptide: Prokineticin 115**

Canan Nebigil

**VI** Contents

*Adiposity - Omics and Molecular Understanding* is a very interesting concept featuring adipose tissues (white, beige, as well as brown fat tissues) as endocrine organs interacting with a plethora of other organs (cell subtypes/phenotypes) in our bodies, with the intention to pre‐ serve specialized organ functions and metabolic roles to integrate metabolic processes for the benefit of organ health and longevity.

The book is composed of the following chapters (denoted with keywords) featuring the in‐ troductory chapter, phenomena like: The Omics of Obesity; The use of animals models in anti-obesity research; The influence of inflammation on obesity; Adiponectin and impact on cardiometabolic risk; The obesity peptide prokineticin; Adipocyte hypertrophy and hypoxia in obesity; Vitamin D status, Immune metabolism in obesity; Coronary artery disease; Pedia‐ tric obesity; and Human gut microbiota in the development of obesity."

In general, the chapters encompass phenomena like "The Omics of Obesity – Model Sys‐ tems", Obesity and inflammation", Obesity – Impact of Hormones/Peptides and Adipocytes, as well as "Miscellaneous – Important Aspects and Angles".

This book furnishes the reader with a multipurpose, biological angle, featuring the endocri‐ nology as well as the metabolomic/regulatory principles ruling the development of a new turnover "stage," or steady state, of energy-rich compounds in the body. The "omics" of obe‐ sity may therefore help in the understanding of how obesity develops, via altering the phe‐ notype of cells/tissues in the body, especially adipocytes, as well as hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and hypothalamic/hypophyseal regulatory loops, connected to peripheral or‐ gan systems.

#### **Prof. Jan Oxholm Gordeladze, PhD**

Institute of Basic Medical Science Department of Molecular Medicine Section for Biochemistry University of Oslo, Norway

**Section 1**
